计算出

When G is a finite abelian group, the abelian group K_1, iscalculated completely mainly using the Bass-Milnor-Serre theorem, then the structure of K_1{ZG,|G|г is clear.

K_1。 3。利用Bass-Milnor-Serre定理，我们首先计算出了G是一个有限交换群时的K_1，也就计算出了(来源：e2ABC论文网www.abclunwen.com)K_1；当G是2阶和3阶循环群时，我们计算出了K_2=1，这个结果有待于继续推广，对于计算一些环的K_2群会有所帮助。

Base on central line coordinate given out and calculation formula provided by this paper that calculate azimuth of normal line of any point on central line, calculation of side line coordinate is connected with central line coordinate only, and has no concern with other calculation.

提出了利用道路中线的法线求解路线任意点坐标的计算模式，在计算出中线坐标的基础上，给出了计算中线任一点法线方位角的计算公式，使边桩坐标的计算只与中线坐标有关，而与其他计算无关。

In the single crystal of C60 with a FCC structure,positron mainly appears outside the C60 molecule.The main annihilation space is the interspace between molecules.The calculated positron bulk lifetime in C60 is 352ps, which agrees with experiment value of 356ps in literature.In carbon nanotube bundles with different dimeters,as the diameter of carbon nanotubes increases,the main space where positron appears changes from the interspace of carbon tubes to the space inside carbon tubes,the radio between positron annihilation with valence eletrons and core eletrons becomes larger,the positron bulk lifetime in carbon nanotube increase rapidly first and come to be a constant at the end.The calculated positron lifetime of carbon nanotube with a dimeter of 0.8～1.6ns is 332～470ps,which agrees with the experiment value of 394ps.Positron annihilation has been studied in widly used compound semiconductors.

计算结果表明：在片层结构的石墨晶体中，正电子主要在石墨层间的空隙中湮没，计算出的石墨中的正电子寿命为208 pS，与文献中的实验结果215 ps符合很好；在金刚石单晶中，正电子主要在碳原子之间的空隙中存在并发生湮没，计算出的金刚石中的正电子寿命为115 ps，文献中的实验结果110 ps左右符合；在面心立方结构的C60晶体中，正电子主要在C60分子球壳内外侧及分子之间存在，C60球形分子中心正电子分布很少，正电子的湮没区域集中在C60分子之间的空隙区域，计算出的C60中的正电子寿命为352 ps与文献中的实验结果356ps相符合；对于不同管径碳米管束中的正电子分布，随着碳纳米管直径的增加，碳纳米管束中的正电子由主要在碳纳米管管间的区域出现转变为主要在碳纳米管管内中心的区域出现：碳纳米管束中的正电子与碳原子的价电子的湮没概率变得越来越大，与核心电子的湮没概率变得越来越小；碳纳米管束中正电子的湮没寿命先迅速增大，而后趋于一定值。

We can then use this set of unwarped perspective images to calculate the relative poses of the calibration plate as well as the projection error of the feature points on the calibration plate by using the homography method.

接下我们就可以用所计算出的这组反扭曲影像，计算出虚拟相机与校正物之间的相对姿势，且再用homography方法我们可以计算出校正版上每个特徵点的校正误差。

In mechanics kinematics, Jacobin matrix may be calculated and simplified by vector constructing; Inverse solution and its restricting condition be given; Forward solution be solved by new-raphson method. The method need shorter time than optimization and has a lot of advantages in applying program; some relationship of velocity, acceleration, force and error of mapping from input to output have been given. Analyzing of theory base these researches.

在机构运动学研究方面，通过矢量构造的方式计算出了速度雅克比矩阵，简化了计算量；给出了机构位置逆解的计算过程及约束条件；利用Newton—Raphson法计算出了机构位置的正解，该算法比优化法计算时间短，而且利于实际编程；给出了机构输入、输出端速度、力、误差的映射关系，这些研究是机构理论分析的基础。

Taking the type of 4L60ED245 torque converter-coupling for an example, the internal characteristics calculated by the suggested method were compared with those calculated by the one-dimensional theory, showing that the precision of the results calculated by the method of proration is higher, while the pressure variation trends at the inlet and exit calculated by both methods are similar.

以4L60ED245型综合式液力变矩器为实例，对内特性的计算结果与束流理论的计算结果进行了比较。结果表明：按比例分配法计算出的结果精度较高，且两种计算方法计算出的进、出口压力变化趋势相似。

The computational formula of dew point temperature was presented according to the physical feature of water vapor such as Michell's saturated water vapour pressure formula. Surface temperature inside wall body was also calculated. Then the comparison between them verified whether wall body has dew. At the same time, the temperatures of every material layer inside wall body were calculated. The partial pressures of saturated water vapour and actual partial pressures of water vapour for every material layer inside wall body were obtained. The two were compared so as to verify whether condensation appears inside wall body.

根据Michell饱和水气压计算公式等水蒸气的物理特性，给出了露点温度计算公式，再计算出墙体内表面温度，将二者进行比较，从而验证墙体是否结露；同时计算出墙体内部各材料层温度，求出墙体内部各材料层的饱和水蒸气分压力及各材料层实际水蒸气分压力，将两者比较，从而验证墙体内部是否出现冷凝。

First according to the hydraulic pressure elevator system diagram, use the machine design and hydraulic transmission knowledge calculates the diameter of the plunger, cylinder tube wall thickness as well as cylinder bottom thickness; second, through the examination confirmation to the obtained result to complete the work of cylinder design; Simultaneously has carried on the component choice and the computation; Through to the system calorific capacity computation the and the volume of cooling water while the fuel tank cools when needs to complete the hydraulic pressure elevator fuel tank design; Based on the system oil stream condition to calculated the tube internal pressure lose, the local pressure loss as well as the all of the pressure lose to carried on the system checking calculation; Finally through the consult correlation design handbook to calculation and examines the belt, the band pulley, the axis, as well as the key, has completed the hydraulic pressure elevator pumping station transmission system design.

首先根据液压电梯系统原理图，利用机械设计与液压传动等方面的知识计算出柱塞的直径、缸筒的壁厚以及缸底厚度，并对所得结果进行校核验证完成了工作油缸的设计；同时进行了元件的选择和计算；其次，通过系统发热量的计算和油箱冷却时需要的冷却水量的计算完成了液压电梯油箱的设计；依据系统油流状态计算出管内压力损失、局部压力损失以及总压力损失进行了系统的验算；最后通过查阅相关设计手册对带、带轮、轴、以及键进行设计计算和校核，完成了液压电梯的泵站传动系统的设计。

Firstaccording to the hydraulic pressure elevator system diagram, usethe machine design and hydraulic transmission knowledge calculatesthe diameter of the plunger, cylinder tube wall thickness as wellas cylinder bottom thickness; second, through the examinationconfirmation to the obtained result to complete the work ofcylinder design; Simultaneously has carried on the component choiceand the computation; Through to the system calorific capacitycomputation the and the volume of cooling water while the fuel tankcools when needs to complete the hydraulic pressure elevator fueltank design; Based on the system oil stream condition to calculatedthe tube internal pressure lose, the local pressure loss as well asthe all ofthe pressure lose to carried on the system checking calculation;Finally through the consult correlation design handbook tocalculation and examines the belt, the band pulley, the axis, aswell as the key, has completed the hydraulic pressure elevatorpumping station transmission system design.

首先根据液压电梯系统原理图，利用机械设计与液压传动等方面的知识计算出柱塞的直径、缸筒的壁厚以及缸底厚度，并对所得结果进行校核验证完成了工作油缸的设计；同时进行了元件的选择和计算；其次，通过系统发热量的计算和油箱冷却时需要的冷却水量的计算完成了液压电梯油箱的设计；依据系统油流状态计算出管内压力损失、局部压力损失以及总压力损失进行了系统的验算；最后通过查阅相关设计手册对带、带轮、轴、以及键进行设计计算和校核，完成了液压电梯的泵站传动系统的设计。

The hydrodynamic performance and the calculation of induced velocity along flow on the constant point after foil shows that if the effects of tip vortex and decay of vortex panel strength be considered, the accuracy of calculation can be increased. Velocity peak value in propeller wake current and distribution of induced velocity after three-dimensional short foil else can be calculated accurately.

通过对三维短翼的水动力性能和翼后给定点沿流向的诱导速度计算表明：采用考虑翼梢涡影响和涡的衰减影响的计算模型，可以提高三维短翼的水动力性能计算精度；可以准确地计算出螺旋桨尾流场的速度峰值；可以较好地计算出三维短翼翼后的诱导速度分布。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。