计算公式

The relationship between resistance of still plane bed and energy slope has been proposed from the similarity between sediment incipient motion and still bed resistance.

从挟沙水流的平均能量方程出发，得到了推移质附加阻力的计算公式及悬移质附加阻力计算公式，并对挟沙水流的阻力进行了讨论。

Based on the data from heat water experiments for counter flow and cross flow cooling tower in laboratory with different water flow rate, air flow rate and water falling height, the equivalent diameters of water drop under corresponding conditions are obtained.

本文首先通过不同淋水高度、淋水密度、过塔风速等的逆流及横流试验塔的热水试验，求出相应条件下的淋水水滴当量直径，再在工业塔的条件下，利用水滴散热公式，计算出雨区散热效果，化为无因次数-冷却数，作出图及计算公式。

Cuit model are derived. The model and the corresponding formulations facilitate leading the ladder type and the

等值电路模型，并推导了模型参数的计算公式，根据这些计算公式和多边形等值电路模型，可进一步推导出

Then, safety analysis method was constituted considered the typical damage of concrete beam bridge. 5. By amending the reduction rate of loading capacity used in Code for Maintenance of Highway Bridges and Culvers (JTG H11-2004), a new reliable index is presented in the same safety standard to reflect the relation between load and resistance. According to the basic principal of calibration method, the recommended gradation index was computed under various factors such as different load combinations, vehicle operating status and different failure modes. With these calculated numerical values, the calculated reliability indexes standard for the estimation of safety degree of in-service concrete girder bridge members was ultimately obtained.6. Based on the related standards and results on crack and displacement that cannot continue to loading at home and abroad, the evaluation grade of the concrete beam bridge is proposed by analogy.

针对材料和构件损伤对混凝土梁式桥抗力的影响，基于材料和构件层次典型损伤的修正计算公式，在结构既有以及时变抗力评估的概率模型基础上，通过误差传递公式获得抗力统计参数，对抗力进行修正，构成了考虑混凝土梁式桥典型损伤的安全性分析方法。5、依据校准法原理，将《公路桥涵养护规范》(JTG H11-2004)中不同类别承载力下降率转化为修改分项系数，分别计算了轴心受压、轴心受拉、受弯、大偏心受压、受剪构件在各种情况下的可靠指标，根据破坏类型对校准结果进行分析，提出了基于可靠度的公路混凝土梁式桥安全性评定等级。6、基于不能继续承载的裂缝和位移的相关国内外规范和研究成果分析，通过类比提出了混凝土梁式桥不能继续承载的裂缝和位移评定等级界限。

Analyses the seal mechanism of sleeve expansion joint and the defect of the current calculation formula of the friction force,presents new formula and illustrates the influence factors of friction force.

分析了套筒补偿器密封机理及目前所用的摩擦力计算公式的缺陷，给出了新的计算公式，并对影响摩擦力的因素进行了说明。

In order to find out a simple and efficient method to calculate the water breakthrough time in combination well pattern of horizontal and vertical wells, simplifing a horizontal well into a vertical well with the same well-hole radius, and considering the unpiston-like displacement, the water breakthrough time formulas of five-spot, seven-spot and nine-spot pattern were derived and revised by equivalent percolating resistance method. In this method, the percolation region is divided into three resistance regions.

为了寻求一种简单、有效的计算水平注水井与直井联合井网的见水时间的方法，将水平井简化为具有等效井筒半径的直井，考虑水平井与直井联合布井水驱油的非活塞性，运用等值渗流阻力法将渗流区划分为3个阻力区，推导出了五点法、七点法和九点法水平井与直井联合井网的油井见水时间的计算公式和修正公式。

According to the stability calculation formulation and integerating,the stability calculation formulation of floor slab of chute is advanced.

较系统地分析了泄槽底板的各种受力，根据稳定性计算公式，综合各种受力提出了泄槽底板的静力稳定计算公式。

The calculation formulas of friction losses in prestressed ring concrete construction is raised by the theory as compared with experiment.

通过理论和实验相比较，导出环向预应力摩擦损失的计算公式，该公式简单易算，避免使用传统的指数形式，且计算的结果与实验结果吻合较

The calculation of parameter m_0,that is the amount of CO_2 absorbed by unit volume of concrete completely carbonated,was proposed by the analysis of concrete hydration process and carbonation mechanism,and the simplification formula of fly ash concrete applied in practice was suggested.The calculation of another important parameter D_e,that is the effective diffusion coefficient,was also proposed on the basis of the mechanism gas diffusion in concrete.

通过对混凝土水化过程、碳化机理的深入分析，提出了模型参数——完全碳化时单位体积混凝土吸收二氧化碳的量m_0的计算方法，并给出了工程中常用粉煤灰混凝土的简化实用公式；基于气体在混凝土中扩散机理的分析，给出了另一个重要的模型参数——二氧化碳在混凝土中有效扩散系数D_e的计算公式。

The expressions of undifferentical side set change speed gear about machining cylindrical helical gear with spline miller are given as well as the expressions of side set change speed gear ratio.

文章给出了用花键铣床加工圆柱斜齿轮的无差动分齿挂轮公式，并用微分法推导了分齿挂轮比的计算允许误差要求的计算公式。

Finally, according to market conditions and market products this article paper analyzes the trends in the development of camera technology, and designs a color night vision camera.

最后根据市场情况和市面上产品的情况分析了摄像机技术的发展趋势，并设计了一款彩色夜视摄像机。

Only person height weeds and the fierce looks stone idles were there.

只有半人深的荒草和龇牙咧嘴的神像。