计算公式

Base on the analysis of superposition theory, a new calculation theory of the column of CFST is brought forward and the calculation formula is derived. Under the deformation compatibility condition, the calculation formula for distribution coefficient of axial compression is derived.

在分析现有叠加理论计算方法的基础上，提出了新的方钢管混凝土柱计算理论，并推导了计算公式；同时在变形协调条件下，推导了其轴压力分配系数计算公式；在此理论基础上，确定了十字形截面方钢管混凝土组合异形柱换算长细比的计算公式和钢管稳定性提高系数。

The paper uses precise step to produce the continuity function of water hammer mathematic model, not only gains more precise water hammer pressure function and water hammer wave speed functionbut also founds correct water hammer mathematic modelContinuity EquationMovement EquationAfter ignoring subordinate facts, function (1) and (2) translate into the current applied water hammer pressure function and water hammer wave speed function.

本论文对水击数学模型中的连续性方程重新进行了严谨的推导，不仅得到了更加准确的水击压强和水击波速的计算公式也建立了正确的水击数学模型连续性方程运动方程当忽略次要因素以后，公式(1)和(2)即可转化为当前应用的水击压强计算公式和水击波速计算公式。

On the basis of the hydraulic and kinematics calculations about revolving water decanter ,dynamics calculations were made in this paper.

在对旋转式滗水器进行了水力学和运动学计算的基础上，对旋转式滗水器进行了动力学计算，给出了其动力学计算公式，与水力学和运动学计算公式一起，共同给出了旋转式滗水器完整的设计计算公式。

The paper analyses two kinds of new formulas on the equivalent friction coefficient of V-belt drive in the present mechanical design and finds out that one is reasonable but has certain error and the other is wrong.

对现行机械设计中关于V带传动当量摩擦系数的2种计算公式进行分析。认为其中一种公式是合理的，但存在一定的误差；而另一种公式却是错误的。通过推导V带欧拉公式，给出了计算V带传动当量摩擦系数的准确公式，并在公式中引入了一个新的参数——摩擦力方向角。在考虑皮带拉力变化既有径向滑动又有周向滑动的前提下，改进后的计算公式比现有公式更加完善

On the base of the analysis, the following standpoints are presented definitely. There is no such a so-called zone with low density near the inwall of the lining. Upon the explosion terminates, the mortar would lose characteristics of the fluid. The compression strength of the lining layer formed by explosion is higher than that of a reference block tested.

在假定材料服从Tresca屈服准则或Coulomb屈服准则的条件下，得到了圆形井筒和球形腔体最大扩张压力p〓的计算公式；衬砌材料塑性区应力σ〓、σ〓和土体塑性区的应力σ〓、σ〓的计算公式；土体弹性区的应力σ〓、σ〓和径向位移u〓的计算公式；衬砌材料与土体交界面半径R〓以及土体中弹塑性区交界面半径R〓的计算公式。

This article, through summarizing the progresses in the evapotranspiration (ET0) methods research, analyzes representative ET0 computation methods emphasized on three periods of the world: modificative Penman, Penman-Monteith and standard ASCE-PM. We take 20th century 90's last stages and 21th century initial period's world newest 19 experimental achievements with lysimeter's actual value rating ET0 value as the foundations, analyzing general usage of the ET0 computational method regarding the different climatic conditions. Although the effect of PM method application is desirable in many areas, many local effects are still unsatisfactory; the method MP and so on are more suitable in part of areas; the PM and MP method are not popular, the special attention must be paid to the standard ASCE-PM method. In brief, these kinds of half theory (semi-empirical) methods only suit in certain areas.

通过对ET0计算公式研究进展的总结，分析了在世界上三个时期比较有代表性的计算蒸发腾发量(ET0)的主要公式：修正Penman公式、Penman-Monteith公式及标准ASCE-PM公式；以20世纪90年代末期和21世纪初期世界上最新的19个用Lysimeter实验值率定ET0计算值的实验成果为基础，对于不同气候条件下ET0计算方法的普适性分析评估认为：虽PM公式应用效果较好的地区较多，但也有不少地区效果欠佳，MP等公式在一部分地区较好，PM与MP公式并非普适性的，要特别关注标准ASCE-PM公式，总之，这类半理论公式均有一定的地区性。

The analytical method used in this paper is justified by comparing with country norm form formula results , the result of Franco et al and the result of Yuxiu Wei et al.

综合各因素的影响，应用最小二乘法进行曲线拟合，得到了斜向波和多向波作用于直立堤上的平均越浪量的计算公式、单波最大越浪量的计算公式、单波最大越浪量和平均越浪量的关系式、越波率计算公式以及单波越浪量的统计分布形式，并通过与按照我国规范中斜坡堤越浪量计算公式形式拟合得到的直立堤越浪量公式和俞聿修，魏德彬的试验结果、Franco C，Franco L试验结果的比较来验证本文所采用的分析方法的合理性、试验结果的可靠性，以便于理论研究和工程设计参考应用。

The formula was established about calculating design parameters and technological parameters of ideal strip and bent strip in the period of forming. The thesis presented how to calculate the deformed area length and contact are radius of contact deforming between two elastic bodies on condition of the friction. The calculating formula of pinch force about plate-strip pinch mill was given and the results were analyzed that friction coefficient and radius of pinch rolls are very important for determining pinch force. Moreover, the rule of deforming and stress distribution of different 〓 ratio were gained on condition that the deforming was considered to be non-uniform distribution in the gap. The differential equations were got that calculate the displacements of large deflection of elastic cantilever rectangle plate with fixed end and the formula of the Finite Strip Method was conducted to study the regularity of mid-plane displacements, deformation and stresses for elastic-plastic large deflection bend of cantilever parallelogram plate with fixed or slidable end by integrating Prandtl-Reuss equation.

建立了一套完整的设计参数计算公式和在成型过程中理想带钢或具有月牙弯带钢的工艺参数的调整公式；在考虑摩擦力的条件下，对两弹性体接触变形过程中的接触变形区长度和接触弧半径用位移解法进行了研究，推导了板带递送机的递送力计算公式，从而得知在递送机设计过程中，应选择适当摩擦系数和辊身直径；另外，还从辊缝内带钢实际变形出发，分析了对于不同的〓值，带钢的变形规律及应力分布状况；建立了固定端悬臂矩形板弹性大挠度弯曲变形的控制方程，并且在对Prandtl-Reuss方程的积分处理的基础上，导出了固定端和滑动端悬臂平行四边形薄板的弹塑性大挠度的中面伸展位移、变形和应力的有限条元法公式，编写了Fortran语言计算程序，在各种参数条件下，对螺旋焊管成型过程变形规律进行了全面的分析研究，从而为螺旋焊管的生产和进一步的改进提供了理论依据。

Such parameters as the percentage of ordinary reinforcment, amounts and configuration of unbonded prestressed tendons, the ratio of span to depth and the loading patterns were considered. Based on the results, the fomula for the eqivalent length of deformation zone on the beams at ultimate were developed. A simple formula was developed for the ultimate mid-span deflection of concrete beams with concept of equivalent length of deformation zone, and the deformation of beam before internal reinforcement yielding was predicted by the traditional formula for the deformation of partically prestressed concrete beam. Then an analytical model was deduced for analyzing the ultimate stress increment in those concrete beams prestressed with external or internal unbonded tendons based on the mid-span deflection.(4) Testes were carried out on a thin-walled concrete box beam presressed with external CFRP tendons to study its short-term performances under uniform load, long-term behaviors under uniform load, and full-time performance under four-point load in turn.

3以体内非预应力钢筋配筋率、体外预应力筋配筋率、体外预应力筋布置形式、预应力度、跨高比、荷载形式等为参数，用非线性分析程序对体预应力筋混凝土梁进行了参数分析，依据分析结果提出了以综合配筋指标和预应力度为参数的等效变形区长度的计算公式，进而提出了基于等效变形区长度的极限挠度计算公式；体内非预应力钢筋屈服前的挠度计算采用常用的部分预应力混凝土梁挠度计算公式；依据试验和非线性数值计算结果，将不同转向块布置形式的体外预应力混凝土梁简化为跨中一个转向块的体外预应力混凝土梁，推导了基于跨中挠度的体外预应力筋应力增量的简化计算公式。

Such parameters as the percentage of ordinary reinforcment, amounts and configuration of unbonded prestressed tendons, the ratio of span to depth and the loading patterns were considered. Based on the results, the fomula for the eqivalent length of deformation zone on the beams at ultimate were developed. A simple formula was developed for the ultimate mid-span deflection of concrete beams with concept of equivalent length of deformation zone, and the deformation of beam before internal reinforcement yielding was predicted by the traditional formula for the deformation of partically prestressed concrete beam. Then an analytical model was deduced for analyzing the ultimate stress increment in those concrete beams prestressed with external or internal unbonded tendons based on the mid-span deflection.(4) Testes were carried out on a thin-walled concrete box beam presressed with external CFRP tendons to study its short-term performances under uniform load, long-term behaviors under uniform load, and full-time performance under four-point load in turn.

3以体内非预应力钢筋配筋率、体外预应力筋配筋率、体外预应力筋布置形式、预应力度、跨高比、荷载形式等为参数，用非线性分析程序对体预应力筋混凝土梁进行了参数分析，依据分析结果提出了以综合配筋指标和预应力度为参数的等活动房效变形区长度的计算公式，进而提出了基于等效变形区长度的极限挠度计算公式；体内非预应力钢筋屈服前的挠度计算采用常用的部分预应力混凝土梁挠度计算公式；依据试验和非线性数值计算结果，将不同转向块布置形式的体外预应力混凝土梁简化为跨中一个转向块的体外预应力混凝土梁，推导了基于跨中挠度的体外预应力筋应力增量的简化计算公式。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。