计算代价

Spectral methods and the classical Crank-Nicolson scheme are applied to deduce the full discrete system for the continuous model, then the variational adjoint assimilation approach is used to derive the gradient and the corresponding adjoint system.

从这个全离散问题出发，结合全局或局部已知的观测数据，分别构造梯度下降算法求解相应的最优化问题。我们分析了采用不同方法计算梯度所需的代价，另外，还给出一种选择最优迭代步长的算法。

This paper puts forward a price calculating model after analyzing the situation of the node storing the replica, the factor of the network and their essentiality. This model could well weigh the communication cost between the purchaser and bargainer.

在分析了存有副本的网格节点的自身情况（如CPU、内存、负载和信誉度等）和各种网络因素及其重要性后，提出了一个的"价格"计算模型，该模型可以很好的衡量买方与卖方间的通信代价。

Descriptions based onSDCM care only behavior and results of the object, however, its realization detail andrelated cost are ignored. However, cost is one of the most important aspects whenimaplementing a system, which may even determine its computability.

采用一维计算模型的描述仅关心对象的行为与结果，而忽略其实现载体和实现代价，但这些信息又是系统具体实现时最重要的方面之一，甚至决定方案的可行性。

Simulation results show that ESAMPH balances cost, delay and computing time and has better overall performance.

仿真结果表明，ESAMPH算法在代价、延迟和计算时间之间能获得较好的平衡，综合性能较好。

Now the triangular mesh model simplification algorithm based on edge collapse is very complex.Combining Garland's quadric error metrics algorithm and Hoppe's progressive mesh algorithm,a new algorithm for triangular mesh dynamic model simplification based on cost function is proposed in this paper.

目前基于边折叠的三角网格模型简化算法边折叠计算复杂，没有有效进行动态简化，结合Garland的二次误差度量算法和Hoppe的累进网格算法，提出了基于代价函数的三角网格模型动态简化算法。

Because the weights are determined by the correlation of code sequence and estimation error of channels, which can be nearly determined by system load factor, we determine the sub-optimum weights by system load factor through simulations, and substitute the hard-decision symbol function by soft-decision hyperbolic tangent function to decrease the risk of error decision.

由于加权因子取决于前级符号估计的可靠性。也就是取决于扩频码互相关系数与信道估计精度，在随机扩频系统中，估计精度可近似由系统负荷决定，因此可根据系统负荷决定加权因子，以很小的性能降低代价换取计算量的极大降低。同时，为进一步降低误判风险，使用带有斜率控制因子的双曲正切函数代替常规的符号函数。

Though they can be applied to migrate the 3-D seismic data, they are seldom used in practice because of high computational cost and inapplicability to narrow azimuth data sets.

它可直接对三维地震数据进行偏移成像，但计算上的过高代价以及对窄方位三维地震数据的不适用性限制了它的应用范围。

The sensibility of kernel function support size can be weakened effect...

方法的缺点是弱化核函数覆盖尺寸的影响是以增大计算量为代价的，需进一步改进。

That is: According to the guide star flag, the number of stars identified and the cost-function of two attitude determination algorithm to carry on the final attitude determination, the better attitude are chose as the output.Through Monte-carol simulation, the error of four cases of attitude determination algorithms is studied.

对于实拍星图，基于导航星选取过程中赋予的恒星标识及星图识别结果给出了姿态确定算法的选取原则，即：根据导航星的恒星标识、识别出的恒星数目及不同定姿算法计算出的最小代价函数值的优劣进行最终姿态计算结果的选择输出。

It provides a costeffective approach for high performance and heterogeneous parallel computing.

它为实现高性能低代价、满足异构计算问题的并行计算提供了一条有效的途径。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。