计算

This paper introduced the concept of information entropy for analyzing the influence of DEM resolution on topographic characteristics(slope,upslope area per unit contour length and topographic index) calculation.

本文以褒河流域为例，引入信息熵的概念量化分析了 DEM分辨率对地形特征(坡度、单宽上坡集水面积和地形指数)计算的影响，发现随着 DEM分辨率的降低，计算得到的坡度值偏小，单宽上坡集水面积值偏大，从而导致地形指数计算值偏大。

Lastly ,the author compared and studied the above results,With the objective status of research district,based on the previous research on the water recycle of field ,the principle and crop wanter requirements and water-saving agriculture ,water balance models are chosen to draw several reference proposals on the irrigation mode ,wate

最后，比较对照不同计算方法的计算结果，进一步对作物需水量的计算方法进行评价；总结作物的需水规律，结合研究区的客观实际情况，从研究农田水分循环、作物需水量规律、节水农业出发，对灌溉模式、节水技术和水管理等几个方面提出了参考建议。

In this paper, mechanical analysis of over lap section of yieldable steel ribs is made. It describes how to deal with the overlap sections in calculation of internal forces in the support.It analyzes variation of shape of steel ribs and calculation of internal residual forces resulted from yielding of steel ribs. The theory for ca...

本文根据地下结构的特点，着重对可缩性金属支架的搭接段进行力学分析，并提出了在支架内力计算中搭接段的处理方法；分析了支架缩动引起的形状变化及支架由于缩动而产生的残余内力的计算，从而建立了可缩性金属支架的计算理论。

The complexity of vector quantization is reduced by 76 percent by the replacement of calculating of the whole distortion with distortion of a part of components,using the interband correlation,the complexity of motion compensation is diminished considerably by the prediction of motion vector of the other subimages with the motion vector in the lowest frequency subimage.

利用子带间的相关性，通过同方向跨带矢量中部分低频系数分量间失真的计算代替整个失真的计算，将矢量量化器的计算复杂度降低了76‰；通过最低频子图像的运动矢量去预测其余子图像的位移矢量，极大地降低了运动补偿的复杂度。

By way of parenthesis, In One-Point Input Method the relation is studied between the response and the correlative coefficient of horizontal and vertical earthquake wave.

提出了基于动剪应力极值的土体损伤值计算方法。以往计算土体在不规则的动剪应力作用下的损伤值根据的是动剪应力的峰值，在时域内多点输入分析中，由于差动力的的存在，使得时程后段动剪应力不穿零而在一侧做幅度不大的波动，基于峰值的损伤值计算特别过高地估计了这段剪应力的破坏作用，过高的程度还随延时增加而增加。

The result pointed out that the vertical distribution of foliage for each species was different,however,generally speaking,the foliage in upper crown (0.3CL) for broad-leaved species in natural secondary forest took a small percentage,about 10%;in middle or middle lower of the crown(0.4CL to 0.8CL) the branches here took the majority percentage of whole foliage,almost 60%to 75%;but in lower crown(0.8CL),there was about 10%of whole foliage.(5)The interspecies competition of trees in secondary forest was expressed by Hegyi competitioin index,and the active competitor was calculated by the competition zone radius and the tree position,DBH,and distance in the zone,it was not all competitors in tranditional calculation.The study introduced crown area overlap index to describe the crown competition between subject tree and its competitors,furthermore,the crown area was classified into 5 levels with a method of equal crown projection area,therefor,the resulting crown area overlap index showed more realities of existing stand conditons.(6)Based on the theoretics of multiply divide,the spatial strcture optimizing model of secondary forest stand selective thinning was developed by diversity mingling,aggregation index,competition index and crown area overlap index,also designed 10 constraint conditions which were related to forestry meanings,the objective function was solved by the implicit enumeration method with LINGO 9.0,using 0-1 integer programming.

并且得出，每个树种在树冠内相对高度上的叶量的垂直分布是不同的，天然次生林阔叶树种的叶量在树冠的上部(0.3CL以下)所占比例很小，约占10%左右；在树冠的中部以及中下部(0.4CL～0.8CL)，叶量所占比例最大，几乎集中了整个树冠60%～75%的叶量；而在树冠的下部(0.8CL以下)，几乎占很少的叶量，大约10%左右。5、采用Hegyi竞争指数来表现次生林内林木的竞争关系，并且根据竞争圈的大小和林木在竞争圈内的分布位置、大小与距离来计算有效的竞争木，并不是传统意义上的全部竞争木；本研究提出用树冠叠加指数来表示林木与周围树木的树冠竞争情况，并采用等树冠投影面积法把树冠分为5级，这样计算的树冠叠加指数更加与现实林分相符。6、本研究基于乘除法的思想，用多样性混交度、聚集指数、竞争指数和树冠叠加指数构建了天然次生林择伐空间优化模型，设计了10个与林学意义相一致的约束条件，并采用0-1整数规划的思路，在LINGO9.0软件中使用了隐枚举法对目标函数求得最优解。7、以M702标准地为应用实例，具体计算出了每株采伐木，经过择伐后，目标函数值按模型设计的要求发生了极大的改变，增加了5倍多，说明了最后这个解的优良性，满足了设计的要求。

Based on the Lorentz-Mie theory, the single scattering characteristics of multi-dispersed spherical and multi-layered spherical particles are studied. The extinction coefficients, scattering coefficients, single albedos, single scattering phase functions and asymmetry factors of different clouds are presented. Numerical results for single scattering of spherical and non-spherical particles are obtained in the approximation of geometrical optics. The single scattering phase matrixes of non-spherical aerosols are calculated by using the T matrix method.

基于洛伦茨-米理论研究了服从一定尺寸分布的球形和多层球形粒子的单次散射特性，计算了各种不同类型云层的消光系数、散射系数、单次散射反照率、单次散射相函数以及不对称因子；利用几何光学方法计算了球形、非球形粒子的单次散射特性；利用T矩阵方法计算了非球形气溶胶的单次散射相矩阵。

The article states how to choose the interference fit by analogizing and computing.

阐述了如何通过类比法与计算法确定过盈配合，指出了过盈配合选择与计算的依据和在选择与计算时应该注意的主要问题。

The method of determining the paths based on backtracking method according to the network is introduced.

针对该网络给出了基于回溯法的通路的确定方法，进而给出了通路的可靠度的计算公式，最后给出了由通路的可靠度计算系统可靠度的计算公式。

In this paper, basted on the sum-up and investigation of simulation calculation of long-span bridge construction in nation and international, the detailed approach of imitated calculation of long-span CFST arch bridge is given out, and the reason why the general backward analysis is not suitable for the application of the rib-hoisting of CFST arch bridge is analyzed. And an applied method for forward analysis based on iterative theory is put forward.

本论文通过对国内外桥梁施工仿真计算成果的总结和研究，给出了大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥仿真计算的具体步骤，分析了一般的倒退仿真计算方法不适合应用于钢管混凝土拱桥吊装的原因，并为此提出了基于迭代理论的前进分析实用方法。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。