计算

Based on investigating the short and intermittent structural plane, surrounding rockmass of the huge underground powerhouse in Three Gorge has been divided into five statistical similar areas according to its characteristic of rockmass structure by applying structure plane network simulation. Distributed characteristic of structural plane has been studied and based on it mechanics macrocharacteristic has been studied:(1) It is the first time that based on the result of structural plane network simulation rockmass quality of every structure area has been studied with applying blurred information optimum seeking technique and be compared with and RQD method. The result indicated that it has better effect to evaluate rock quality with blurred information optimum seeking technique.(2) It is the first time that the interrelated relationship of the result of in-suit rockmass deformation test and fractal characteristic of structure on test point has been applied to determine rockmass deformation parameter. The question of evaluating deformation parameters of engineering rockmass has been solved.(3) Anisotropy strength parameters have been determined by applying shear zones simulating method. The result indicated that there are different strength parameters in every structural area, after comparing the result of Fast Lagranian Analysis in continua number simulation method with that of method of weighted mean according to continuity. The result indicated that when a suitable reduction coefficient is been considered rockmass strength parameters can be simply and fast determined with method of weighted mean according to continuity where there is not enough test result.(4) Damage characteristic has been studied based on analysis fractal characteristic of structural plane network by applying fractal-damage coupling method. It is the first time that the concept of damage degree has been set up to evaluate rockmass quality according to the biggest principal damage.

通过对短小、断续性结构面统计特征的研究，将地下厂房区划分为五个岩体结构统计均质区，应用结构面网络模拟技术研究了各个岩体结构均质区结构面的发育分布特征，并以此为基础对岩体宏观力学特性进行了深入研究：(1)首次通过在结构面网络模拟计算结果的基础上，应用模糊信息优化技术研究了厂房区各个岩体结构分区的岩体质量并与岩体基本质量指标研究法、岩体质量指标RQD值研究法作了对比，结果表明以结构面网络模拟结果为基础，应用模糊信息优化技术进行岩体质量评价能够取得很好的效果，解决了工程岩体质量的定量评价问题；(2)首次通过对已有的现场大型岩体变形试验结果的分析及相应试验点岩体结构分形特征的研究，建立了结构面分布的分形维数和岩体变形指标间的相关关系，并首次应用这种相关关系根据结构面网络模拟及分形维数计算结果确定了缺少试验结果的地下厂房各工程部位的岩体变形指标而且应用于围岩稳定性计算，解决了工程岩体宏观变形参数的评价问题；(3)应用在结构面模拟网络图上模拟岩体剪切破坏带的方法，得出了岩体在不同方向上的强度参数，结果表明岩体的强度特性与结构面的发育方向和程度有着明显的关系，各个岩体结构均质区具有不同的强度参数；同时还通过应用拉格朗日差分法对岩体强度指标的数值分析并与按连通率加权平均计算法对比表明，按连通率加权平均计算法在考虑合理的折减系数情况下，可以简单快速地对缺少现场大型试验结果的具体工程部位实现岩体强度指标的估计，通过以上研究解决了工程岩体抗剪强度参数的评价问题；(4)通过结构面网络分形维数的研究，应用分形损伤耦合分析方法，研究了厂房区岩体的损伤特征，并首次引入"损伤度"的概念，建立了应用最大主损伤评价岩体质量的指标体系。

Due to the insufficiency of KEYNES and invest-output methods, the authors analyze the increasing of national economy resulting from highway investment multiplicator, propose a theory of calculating highway investment multiplicator based on the original definition of investment multiplicator, and obtain an improved method to calculate th.

为了完善利用公路建设投资乘数计算公路投资对国民经济拉动效益的方法，针对目前利用凯恩斯乘数与投入产出法计算公路建设投资效益的不足，通过公路建设过程中投资乘数作用引起国民经济成倍增长的机理分析，提出从投资乘数的原始定义出发计算公路建设投资乘数的原理，推导了计算公路投资乘数时公路建设投资引起的边际消费的改进算法，并通过京石高速公路有关资料验证了该方法的效果；发展了基于投资乘数计算原理、现有公路工程投资测算、投入产出矩阵组合基础之上的应用方法，克服了常用算法用全社会的消费倾向代替公路投资消费倾向的不足。

Establish the steady-state and transient model using the three hydrodynamics equations (Continuity equation, Momentum equation and Energy equation). By comparing different state equation, it selects the BWRS state equation which is considered the most accurate state equation in current natural gas measurement. It calculates compression factor, density and other Thermal parameters based on BWRS state equation. In Numerical solution of the steady-state and transient model, compression factor, friction coefficient and all the other Thermal parameters are recalculated in each small time step to reduce the numerical calculation error.

在稳态模型的建立上，利用流体力学三大方程(连续性方程、运动方程和能量方程)，通过比较不同的状态方程选用了目前被认为最精确的用于天然气计量的BWRS状态方程，并以此方程为基础进行压缩因子、密度等热物性参数的计算；在稳态模型的求解上，选用容易计算，精度较高的标准型龙格—库塔(Runge-Kutta)法进行数值求解，并且在迭代过程的每一小步都重新计算燃气的压缩因子，摩阻系数等所有的计算参数，以减少数值计算的误差。

First mostly contraposing hull deck structure it goes along FEA analysis, discuss the different influence degree of calculational results between the different simplifications of the mathematical model, thereinto mostly analyse five different simplifications of the deck model; Second contraposing hold section and hull deck structure it goes along FEA analysis together, discuss the different influence degree of calculational results between the different elements style, gridding number and gridding density, thereinto mostly analyse the difference between adopting 8 node shell element and 4 node shell element, nondense gridding and thick gridding, and numerous gridding number and few gridding number, In the end mostly contraposing hold section structure it goes along FEA analysis, discuss the different influence degree of calculational results between the different boundary conditions, thereinto mostly analyse the difference between adopting CCS boundary conditions and LR boundary conditions.

首先主要针对船体甲板结构进行分析研究，讨论结构简化不同对有限元计算结果的影响程度，其中主要研究分析了五种不同甲板结构简化模型；紧接着针对舱段与甲板结构一起进行分析研究，讨论单元类型，网格数量与密度的不同对有限元计算结果的影响程度，其中主要研究分析了分别采用8节点板壳单元与4节点板壳单元的不同，以及分别采用疏的网格与密的网格，多的网格数量与少的网格数量的计算结果的差异。最后主要针对舱段模型进行分析研究，讨论不同的边界条件对有限元计算结果的影响程度，其中主要研究分析了分别采用CCS舱段边界条件与LR舱段边界条件进行有限元计算而带来的结果上的差异。本文第二部分为港工建筑物中的大直径薄壁圆筒结构的有限元比较分析。在研究大圆筒的有限元比较分析中，主要讨论用不同的网格密度与数量来划分网格引起的差异。其中用了网格密，数量多与网格疏，数量少两种模型进行大圆筒结构的有限元分析对比

The objective of this study is aimed at the implementation of parallelized numerical quadrature routines. The algorithm we choose for numerical quadrature routines is the so called "Adaptive Romberg Tree integration scheme"(abbr."ARTint") proposed by Lin et. al.[1997]. This numerical quadrature scheme can arrange the function evaluation points adaptively in accordance with characteristic of the trend of variation in integrand function values. When the accuracy of the numerical quadrature value is requested to be increased, a newer and larger set of function evaluation points must be incurred. The main advantage of ARTint method is the inclusion of all function evaluation points used in previous stages. It is this feature of ARTint method that makes it a quadratue scheme with prominent computation efficiency.

本研究在探讨数值积分程式之平行化，所使用的演算法为林聪悟与林佳慧[1997]一书所提出的「Romberg树自动布点数值积分」架构，此一数值积分方法能以适应被积函数值变化情形方式自动安排积分点来进行数值求积计算，在提高阶数以获得更高精度积分值的过程中，此一方法只须再计算新增加积分点的函数值，搭配先前已计算过的函数值的重覆运用即可获得更精确的数值积分估计值，如此将能减少升阶过程中函数求值计算的次数，有效率地完成单重积分的数值计算。

In this operation, there are computing and selecting aboutbandwidth, roller, platen, every force. And checkout them.

在主运算过程，主要涉及到了带宽的选型计算、托辊选型计算、滚筒选型计算、输送系统各类力的计算及校验等，计算复杂。

The effect of Reynolds number on rudder hydrodynamic performance is also analyzed. Up to the stall angle the computed lift and drag agree well with measurements and other author's calculations, whereas stall angle, lift and drag beyond the stall angle are slightly under-predicted. The solver is used to investigate laminar and turbulent separated flows around a 6: 1 prolate spheroid at high incidence angles and their effects on hydrodynamic forces. The second separation flows are successfully identified in both laminar and turbulent flow simulations.

应用所开发的求解器，以6：1长椭球体为算例计算了回转体在大攻角下定常斜航运动时的三维粘性流场及水动力，对层流流动和湍流流动分别进行了计算，分析了层流与湍流分离流动和涡旋产生的特点及其对水动力的影响；计算结果与他人的试验和计算数据比较，吻合程度良好，表明应用本求解器能够正确模拟这种以层流／湍流分离流为主的复杂粘性流动，得到相当精确的水动力，检验和验证了该求解器精确模拟回转体在大攻角下的粘性分离流动和计算水动力的能力。

The solver is used to investigate laminar and turbulent separated flows around a 6:1 prolate spheroid at high incidence angles and their effects on hydrodynamic forces. The second separation flows are successfully identified in both laminar and turbulent flow simulations. The computations are shown to agree well with available experimental and numerical data and the physics of 3D large-scale flow separations and vortex shedding are confirmed.

应用所开发的求解器，以6：1长椭球体为算例计算了回转体在大攻角下定常斜航运动时的三维粘性流场及水动力，对层流流动和湍流流动分别进行了计算，分析了层流与湍流分离流动和涡旋产生的特点及其对水动力的影响；计算结果与他人的试验和计算数据比较，吻合程度良好，表明应用本求解器能够正确模拟这种以层流/湍流分离流为主的复杂粘性流动，得到相当精确的水动力，检验和验证了该求解器精确模拟回转体在大攻角下的粘性分离流动和计算水动力的能力。

Taking the type of 4L60ED245 torque converter-coupling for an example, the internal characteristics calculated by the suggested method were compared with those calculated by the one-dimensional theory, showing that the precision of the results calculated by the method of proration is higher, while the pressure variation trends at the inlet and exit calculated by both methods are similar.

以4L60ED245型综合式液力变矩器为实例，对内特性的计算结果与束流理论的计算结果进行了比较。结果表明：按比例分配法计算出的结果精度较高，且两种计算方法计算出的进、出口压力变化趋势相似。

Moreover, we have successfully applied this model to predict the relative binding free energies for four binding modes of EGFR/quinazoline. The most favorable binding mode identified by MM/PBSA could also be correctly recognized by MM/SAWSA.

我们把SAWSA替代PBSA计算用于结合自由能的计算，结果表明在计算效率大大提高的情况下，MM／SAWSA计算能得到和MM／PBSA计算可比的结果。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了