计算

To all project practicality, the introduction is given to the operational characteristics, the methods for calculation and the researching actuality of the tail tunnels with sloping ceiling underground hydropower stations the Three Gorges. This paper has discussed in detail the characteristic method being the same with the compressive flow and the Priessmann solution being the same with the free-surface-pressure flow. And how to deal with boundary conditions has been expatiated. Also hydraulic transient process of tremendous load fluctuation in the tail tunnels with sloping ceiling has been numerical simulated and the Fortran program for numerical simulation has been given. The paper gain the maximal press for tail end of the shell, the maximal rising rate of rotational speed of generating set, the maximal vacuum degree for inlet of the tail tunnels and so on under 11 kinds conditions of tremendous load fluctuation. These conditions include the design conditions, the check conditions and the superposition conditions. Finally, the computing results have been analyzed and summarized. The end chapter is the general comment of the whole-length content and the describing of the intending view of researching.

本文以三峡右岸地下电站尾水洞设计为背景，从工程实际出发，阐述了变顶高尾水洞的工作特性、使用范围及其研究现状；详细论述了适用有压流的特征线法、适用明满交替流的普里斯曼解法等数学模型；边界条件的给定和明满交替流的计算方法；用Fonran语言编制了数值计算程序，对三峡右岸地下电站变顶高尾水洞的大波动工况进行了数值模拟，分别得出了在设计工况、校核工况和叠加工况下蜗壳末端最大压力上升值、机组最大转速上升值和尾水管进口最大真空度等重要参数；对数值计算结果进行了详细分析并得出了有价值的结论；最后展望了今后水电站变顶高尾水洞的研究方向。

It is consequently a calculation of private profits and not of "social welfare."

因此，经济计算是一个私利的计算，而不是什麼「社会福利」的计算。

Based on f the stability computation theory of structures are elaborated in brevity and in consideration of material elasticity and geometrical nonlinearity, the 3-D model of finite element in studying on in-plane elastic ultimate load-carrying capacity of 工-section arches with holes in soffit is built by ANSYS software.

本文在简要阐述结构稳定计算理论的基础上，利用ANSYS计算软件，在弹性材料、几何大变形条件下建立了研究腹板开洞工形截面钢拱平面内弹性极限承载力的有限元三维模型，并把极限承载力的各种影响因子设为变量，形成了整个计算过程的MAC文件。

R. t routing changes is also studied, a transformation method for the calculation of sensitivity of sojourn time w. r. t routing changes is presented. The problem of calculating the performance sensitivity w. r. t buffer siaes in general queueing networks is also solved by using finite event time perturbation analysis.

对计算性能指标对路径概率灵敏性的转换法也进行了研究，提出了一种计算逗留时间对路径概率灵敏性的转换法，本文还应用事件时间摄动的有限摄动分析解决了一般排队网络的性能指标对缓冲器容量灵敏性的计算问题。

Main section of this paper as follows: First,Comparison of ET0 which were calculated by different net solar radiation,such as they are estimated from solar constant,solar radiation measured and the measuring net radiation data.

用由太阳常数、太阳短波辐射计算出的浑善达克沙地气象站所在地的净辐射值及实测的净辐射值计算了参考作物蒸散速率(ET0)，分析比较了计算的结果。

An iterative approach to solve high order scattering solution of a vector radiative transfer equation is newly developed.

该方法将一阶散射与高阶散射迭代结合起来，计算公式简明，可计算高阶迭代解，计算时间少。

To provide credible data for empirical model,a method of calculating the weighted average gray value of compartment area was designed in this paper.It worked especially when the compartment area was as large as pixel.The GeoTIFF form was adopted as the RS data type.The Matlab software was used to read and store RS image.The pixel was divided into smaller units to calculate the area of spackle in each pixel by counting the amount of the units.

：为了给遥感反演模型提供可靠数据，该文设计了一种按面积加权计算不规则图斑遥感影像灰度值的方法，特别是当图斑面积接近像元大小的时候；遥感数据采用被广泛支持的GeoTIFF格式，使用Matlab将遥感影像的灰度信息及元数据读取并存入数据库中；通过将像元分解成更小的单元，统计各像元在图斑内小单元的个数，计算图斑在各像元所占的面积，按照面积加权的方式计算得到图斑的平均灰度值。

For large sparse matrix,it is very important to keep the sparse of matrix in computation.

引言 在实际计算中，我们常常碰到一类大稀疏矩阵，这类矩阵由于它本身的稀疏性，我们除了研究它的计算量外，更重要的是使这类稀疏矩阵在计算中仍然保持其稀疏性。

The formula for computing the 3-dimensional axially symmetrical steady magnetic field for vectorpotential is derived by the spherical function expansion.

本文用球函数展开法推导出计算轴对称三维稳恒磁场矢势的公式，应用该公式既能计算电流分布区域外部的磁场，又能计算电流分布区域内部的磁场。

It is necessary to find the effects of spherical geometry on surface wave; Based on normal modal summation, the synthetic seismograms corresponding to the fundamental and few higher modes are calculated; Based on surface waveform scattering theory, the scattering surface wave are calculated for three dimensional laterally varying medium.

基于球地球模型计算面波波形，考虑到地球的圆球率，比平地球模型更接近实际；根据简正振型叠加原理计算出基阶和高阶直达面波；用面波散射理论计算出三维非均匀弹性地球模型的散射面波，包含振型转换，与实际更吻合。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。