计算

Combining with the element-free method,a boundary element method without singular integration is presented by using non-singular fundamental solution to establish the boundary integral equation for electromagnetic field.

用非奇异基本解建立电磁场问题的边界积分方程，将其与无单元法相结合，提出了电磁场计算的无奇异积分的边界无单元法，编制了相应的计算程序，计算结果表明，方法合理可行。

In chapter 4,on the basis of chapter 3,a new formulation of hybrid/mixedsingular plate element based on Reissner's plate theory is set up,and 4-node arbitraryquadrilateral hybrid/mixed singular bending plate element formulas including theeffects of transverse shear deformation is derived,then by the use of this method,alarge quantity of numerical computations are carried out,at the same time,the resultsare compared with theoretical solutions and the results obtained by other singularfinite element methods.

第四章 在第三章的基础之上，建立基于Reissner型板理论之上的杂交/混合奇异板单元列式，推导出了考虑剪切效应的四节点任意四边形杂交/混合奇异弯曲板单元公式，并进行了大量的数值计算，同时与理论解析解和其它有限元解进行了比较，计算结果表明：本文提出的杂交/混合奇异板单元方法是可以用于计算含裂纹平板弯曲应力强度因子的一种高效、可靠、简便易行的方法。

The stress intensity factors of pipes containing an elliptical arc of crack have been evaluated by collapsed singular element with the more detailed mesh on crack front and their respective adjacent areas.

中文摘要本论文对含内、外裂椭圆形裂缝之圆管应力强度因子计算，计算在椭圆形裂缝尖端部位附近，使用溃点奇异元素，建立有限元素的网格化自动产生模型，并利用ANSYS程式计算裂缝尖端的应力强度因子。

Aimed at increasing the accuracy and speed of BEM, meanwhile decreasing taken up memory, this dissertation has studied singular integrals and nearly singular integrals of BEM, surface BEM character and multipole BEM delaminating and storing technology, and put forward high precision fast BEM. And appling this method the electric potential and electric field intensities distribution of the UHV insulators are calculated preliminarily.

本论文以提高边界元的精度和计算速度，降低计算机内存占用为目标，研究了边界元的奇异积分和接近奇异积分计算方法、曲面边界元特性以及多极子边界元分层和存储技术，提出了高精度快速边界元法，并运用该方法初步计算了特高压绝缘子上电位和电场强度分布。

Aimed at increasing the accuracy and speed of BEM , meanwhile decreasing taken up memory, this dissertation has studied singular integrals and nearly singular integrals of BEM , surface BEM character and multipole BEM delaminating .

本论文以提高边界元的精度和计算速度，降低计算机内存占用为目标，研究了边界元的奇异积分和接近奇异积分计算方法、曲面边界元特性以及多极子边界元分层和存储技术，提出了高精度快速边界元法，并运用该方法初步计算了特高压绝缘子上电位和电场强度分布。

This paper explains that the Winkler's model is applicable only to spongy or compressible rather thin soil bed when calculating the sinkage and internal force of the rig-substructure and in general a model of limited compressibility should be used.

本文以计算结果说明计算钻机底座的沉陷和内力时，文克尔模型仅适用于松软的或可压缩的土层较薄的地基，一般情况下应该用有限压缩层模型，这对钻机底座的静力计算有着重要的意义。

In this thesis, I summarize the theoretical calculation method, applied scope and notice of siphonic drainage system, and point out the advantage of siphonic drainage system compared with gravitation drainage system. In the archetype experiment study of siphonic drainage tube, I adopt different tube diameter and different structural height to survey the drainage volume and press in different place. I observe various kinds of flow state, and get chief factors which influence hydraulic peculiarity of system as the tube diameter or structural height, and find out the relevance of factor to flux. I apply CFD Fluent software and adopt standard k-ε model and RNG k-ε model, then use finite volume method and second-order upwind scheme to discrete numerical model, while coupling numeration of velocity field and press is based on SIMPLE. In the numerical simulation of curved part of tube, siphonic drainage tube experiment system and multi-outlet siphonic drainage system, I make research on internal velocity and press of system in different project condition by changing the tube diameter of curved part, negative press value in tube export and improving the quantity of water gutter. This thesis first adopts a method of combining archetype experiment and numerical simulation to study the siphonic drainage system, test and verify the validity of experiment and numerical simulation, and makefurther study on system, it solves the problems of limited testing conditions, and has a logical results, it can provide a valid method for optimizing and designing the drainage tube-net system. The conclusion have referring value for study and design of siphonic drainage system.

本文首先对虹吸式排水系统理论计算方法、适用范围以及注意事项做出总结，并分析了虹吸式排水系统的优势；再对虹吸式排水管道进行原型试验研究，采用不同管径不同立管高度，对系统流量、管道压强进行量测，观察了各种工况下的流态，对其水力特性进行研究分析，找出影响水力特性的落差、管径主要因素以及与排水量的关系；进一步应用计算流体力学Fluent软件，采用标准κ-ε模型与RNGκ-ε模型，计算过程应用有限体积法和二阶迎风格式对数值模型进行离散，速度和压力的耦合采用SIMPLE算法，分别对系统弯管段、虹吸排水管道试验系统、多斗虹吸式排水系统进行数值模拟分析，通过改变管段弯头处半径、管段出口负压值、增加雨水斗数对不同工况下系统内部的速度和压力进行研究；本文首次采用结合原型试验与数值模拟相结合的方法，对虹吸式屋面雨水排水系统进行研究，试验与模拟相互验证，并进行拓展，很好地解决了虹吸式屋面雨水排水系统由于试验条件限制问题，结果正确合理，为排水管网系统设计和优化研究提供了有效的方法，对工程设计有较好的参考价值。

The three dimension reticular cell counting method is adopted to calculate the fractal dimension characterizing skew degree of gray level surface. With the two-dimension reticular cell counting method, the fractal dimension characterizing wrinkle shadow block distribution is obtained. By means of distribution function, the fractal dimension for the size distribution of wrinkle shadow block can be achieved.

提出以尺度变化的立体网格计算灰度曲面的分维数，表示灰度曲面的起伏程度；以尺度变化的平面网格计算织物折皱阴影块分布的分维数，表示阴影块的离散程度；以当量直径为尺度，计算分布函数的分维数，表示织物折皱阴影块尺寸的分布。

At present, more and more largetonnage ship is built with the development of ship industry, the forcebetween hull and slipway increased, some existent shipyard is not capableof building large ship. Besides, the damage of sh'ip structure and slipwaywere also reported. But the existed method for calculating ship launchingcan not solve it efficiently, so it is important to calculate shiplaunching precisely and take measure to preclude such accident.

目前随着船舶工业发展，建造船舶吨位越来越大，船体和船台之间的受力也随之增大，造成原有船台的设计能力有时已不能满足建造大型船舶需要，在实际生产过程中已有船体局部结构和船台不同程度损坏的报道，而现有的下水计算方法在有关船体和船台受力计算方面显得不够准确，如何准确进行计算并采取相应的措施来防止这类问题发生显得十分重要。

Chapter 3 introduces the research contents and the results of the model test about the Xiangjiaba tailrace tunnel with sloping ceiling.

本章根据物理模型的试验条件和试验工况进行相应的数值计算，即在数值计算中，输入的管道、机组特性等参数均为模型试验实测数据，程序根据模型比尺输出原型的计算结果信息，并与原型化后的模型试验数据分析比较。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。