计算

Considering coarse triangularmesh model is often seen, in order to increase the p recision of curvatures,combined with Loop subdivision algorithm, the curvature algorithm was further extended.

推导了一般三角形网格模型顶点的平均曲率、高斯曲率和主曲率的计算方法，考虑到经常遇到粗糙三角形网格模型，为提高其曲率计算方法的精度，结合Loop 细分曲面算法，进一步拓展了该曲率计算方法。

The calculation model was constructed by equating CWG with rectangular waveguide. The scattering formula was deduced by Integral Equation Method, which was validated by Finite Element Method.

通过将同轴波导等效为窄边是磁壁的矩形波导，建立了金属支撑杆的散射场计算模型，用积分方程法得到了散射场的计算公式，其计算结果与有限元方法仿真结果吻合良好。

A comparison of the existing sound source model for calculating transfer matrix of two-dimensional rectangular acoustic cavity is performed in this paper.

在比较现有二维矩形声腔的声源计算模型特点的基础上，提出了一种新的正方形线声源计算模型，用于计算基于模态级数叠加法的压力响应函数。

Judging on the radioactive rays whether they penetrated through the truncated right angle cone shield configuration. A hypothetical circumscribed rectangular parallelepiped of the they penetrated through the truncated right angle cone shield configuration. A hypothetical circumscribed rectangular parallelepiped of the truncated right angle cone shield configuration is also presented. The methods simplified the camber equation and reduced the calculation time significantly.

在判断放射线是否穿透此圆锥台体时，又提出了圆锥台形屏蔽体的假想外接长方体的建模方法，将曲面方程联立解的复杂计算简化为一次代数方程的简单计算，大幅度地缩短了计算时间。

By means of a resonable and approximate treatment the dependent variables of the integral equation are reduced to depend only on the two coordinates of the wing plane.

通过合理的近似处理，使积分方程的自变量仅依赖于机翼所在平面的两个座标，这就使我们在利用有限无法进行数值解时，只需在机翼平面上划分元素，避免了在流场空间中划分元素的传统作法，从而大大降低了对计算容量的要求和计算工作量，使跨音速三维机翼的气动力计算有可能在较小的计算机(例如709机)上完成。

In addition, broad-linewidth reflection bandstop filter with one-layer grating structure is designed by use of optimization technology for diffractive optical elements and rigorous grating diffractive theory. Finally, rigorous theory is used to analyze photonic crystals for their subwavelength periodic structures.

根据二维光子晶体的结构特点，提出光栅层模型，使二维结构退化为一维结构，从而大大简化了计算过程，提高了计算速度，并编制了计算程序，详细讨论了几类二维光子晶体的禁带特征。

The dissertation gives a brief description about the developing situation and control theory of robot firstly, and then the underlying idea and characteristic of CTC are introduced in detail. Subsequently three classes of control strategies with compensation control structure which are based on CTC are proposed. The overall idea is that the system of robotic manipulators is decomposed as two parts: one is nominal system with perfect knowledge of dynamic model and the other is system with uncertainties. CTC is used to control nominal system. For uncertainties system, we utilize the regressor of robotic system or bounding function on uncertainties to design different compensation controllers. The outputs of the two parts control the robotic

本论文首先介绍机器人的发展概论概况，然后对计算力矩控制算法的基本思想和主要特点作详细的阐述，紧接着探讨基于计算力矩结构不确定性机器人的补偿控制方案，其中的基本思想都是将不确定性机器人系统分解成标称系统和不确定系统：对于标称系统，采用计算力矩控制；对于不确定系统，利用机器人系统的回归矩阵或集中不确定性上界的包络函数，设计不同的补偿控制器。

The advantages and limitations of every kind of methods for calculating the failure probability is reviewed. The frist order reliability method, the second order reliability method and many kinds of boundary method have achieved remarkable success and formed nature fields of reliability. However, the precision of these methods decrease as the increase of complexity of problem. The numrical methods are versatile, except numerical intergration is only adaptable to special problems which have small number variables and regular intergral domain. Particularly, the advanced variance reduction techniques own the following character: high precision and a small amount computation. But some questions remain to study in the future because only an initial work about these techniqes is developed.

全面评述了计算失效概率各种方法的优点和局限性，其中经典的解析法包括一次可靠性方法、二次可靠性方法、一阶边界法、Vanmarcke上边界、PENT上边界和Ditlevsen二阶窄边界法，这些方法对于多设计点、变量较多且相关、密度函数不是正态以及极限状态方程较复杂的情况，其计算精度较差；而已有的数值方法却是具有较好的通用性，其中除数值积分法只对变量较少、积分域较规则的特殊问题适用外，各种数值模拟方法均具有较广的适应性，特别是各种改进的方差减小技术，精度高、计算量小，但由于其处在研究的初级阶段，还有许多问题有待于解决。

Do some tentative analysis of the tunnel lining by numerical manifold method. the idea is given that combining regular mesh with finite element mesh and using low-order and high-order cover displacement function in numerical manifold method, it make preprocess and program analysis, precision and efficiency for coordination.

4利用数值流形方法对隧道工程中衬砌结构进行了尝试性的分析，提出了结合规则网格和有限网格并行、高低阶覆盖位移函数混合计算的思想，以达到前处理和程序计算、计算效率和求解精度的协调。

The idea is given that combining regular mesh with finite element mesh and using low-order and high-order cover displacement function in numerical manifold method, it make preprocess and program analysis, precision and efficiency for coordination.

4利用数。。。更多值流形方法对隧道工程中衬砌结构进行了尝试性的分析，提出了结合规则网格和有限网格并行、高低阶覆盖位移函数混合计算的思想，以达到前处理和程序计算、计算效率和求解精度的协调。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。