计算

Uniform calculation of the whole lifecycle engineering cost is the guide-line of calculation.

全生命周期工程造价统一计算，是全生命周期工程造价管理的计算依据，可以进行初始化建设成本计算、未来运营维护成本计算，从而可以进行生命周期成本计算。

On the basis of the calculation results, the cogging torque, rotation induced voltage and static torque is calculated.

利用磁路元的计算方法，计算了电机的定位转矩、旋转感应电压和静转矩，本文采用的磁路元法弥补了传统的永磁磁路计算方法之不足，计算精度能够满足工程计算的要求。

Results show:(1) coupling of elastic deflections with rigid motions is distinctive;(2) computations of two methods are in good agreement with test data, when rotation angle is small;(3) when rotation angle is large, couplings increase distinctly and the differences between the results of the two computational methods increase;(4) the bending stiffness has evident effect on the coupling, and the coupling will increase with the decrease of bending stiffness;(5) in case of the blade is relatively soft, the calculated values of phase lag and amplitude augment based on infinitesimal rotation will exist.

计算分析表明：(1)弹性桨叶存在较明显的刚性运动和弹性变形耦合；2）挥舞角较小时，两种处理方法计算结果一致，均与试验数据吻合较好；(3挥舞角较大时，刚柔耦合增强，两种处理方法的计算值差别较为明显；(4)桨叶弯曲刚度对桨叶刚柔耦合特性有较明显影响，刚度越小，耦合越强；(5)桨叶如果比较柔软，小转角处理方法计算值相对有限转角处理方法，相位滞后、幅值增加均较为明显，计算桨叶动响应时需引起注意。

Concerned with the features of computing methods course and MATLAB software ,the teaching model of this course applied with MATLAB software is discussed by taking the interpolation problem as an example.

针对目前计算方法课程教学改革发展的需要，充分利用计算机在数值计算和作图方面的优势，结合计算方法课程和MATLAB语言的特点，以计算方法教学中遇到的插值问题为例，详细讨论了MATLAB应用于计算方法的教学模式。

In mechanics kinematics, Jacobin matrix may be calculated and simplified by vector constructing; Inverse solution and its restricting condition be given; Forward solution be solved by new-raphson method. The method need shorter time than optimization and has a lot of advantages in applying program; some relationship of velocity, acceleration, force and error of mapping from input to output have been given. Analyzing of theory base these researches.

在机构运动学研究方面，通过矢量构造的方式计算出了速度雅克比矩阵，简化了计算量；给出了机构位置逆解的计算过程及约束条件；利用Newton—Raphson法计算出了机构位置的正解，该算法比优化法计算时间短，而且利于实际编程；给出了机构输入、输出端速度、力、误差的映射关系，这些研究是机构理论分析的基础。

The structural design is carries on the design calculation after the plan comparison and appraisal recommendation plan, this stage design primary mission is: The design material analysis and the structure arrangement, the king post endogenic force computation, the pre-stressed steel ties the estimate and the arrangement, the computation king post section geometry characteristic, the steel tie the loss of prestress computation, the king post section intensity checking calculation, the king post nose partial bearing strength checking calculation, the king post distortion checking calculation and part compositions and so on lane board computation.

结构设计是根据方案评比后的推荐方案进行设计计算，这一阶段的设计主要任务是：设计资料分析及构造布置、主梁内力计算、预应力钢束的估算及其布置、计算主梁截面几何特性、钢束预应力损失计算、主梁截面强度验算、主梁端部的局部承压强度验算、主梁变形验算和行车道板计算等部分组成。

Results show that radial basis function and point interpolation methods possess Kronecker Delta function property, but the robustness is poor in some cases; the MLS approximation function does not possess Kronecker Delta function property, but it has good robustness. Differences among the three discretization schemes of meshless method are as follows:the collocation method requires no numerical integration and very little computational time while its robustness is poor; Galerkin method is not a truly meshless method due to the background meshes required for integration; the Petrov-Galerkin method is a truly meshless method and need numerical integration in each sub-domain, so it needs more computational time.

分析结果显示：径向基函数和点插值法均具有d 函数属性，但计算稳定性差；移动最小二乘近似函数不具有d 函数属性，但计算比较稳定；无网格方法中的3种离散方法不同之处在于：配点法不需要积分，计算量小，计算稳定性差；Galerkin方法需要借助背景网格进行积分，它不是真正的无网格方法；Petrov-Galerkin方法，是一种真正的无网格方法，它需要对每个子域进行积分，计算工作量较大。

In order to reduce calculation error, the frequency distribution of average values is used to compute the mixed distribution's digital features of each component distribution, thereinto, the number of the component distribution is determined by AIC, choose the number that meets the minimum value of AIC as the component number of mixed distribution, and the other parameters are estimated by EM algorithm; Secondly, because each component distribution is corresponding to a kind of major gene genotype, according to the values of the average and variance of the each component distribution, we can use the limit error of the normal distribution to plot each individual into the correspondent component distribution, namely into correspondent major gene genotype. Then we regard each major gene genotype as a treatment level of one-way analysis of variances, and the one-way multivariate analysis of variance is carried out to calculate the covariance matrix of major gene effect, covariance matrix of polygene effect, covariance matrix of environment effect and so on; At last, combining the weights of the each component distribution of mixed distribution, we can calculate the variance of major gene effect, the variance of polygene effect, environmental variance and the genetic gain of the quantitative trait.

为减小计算误差，本研究采用均值的频数分布来计算各成分分布的数字特征，其中成分分布个数根据AIC准则，选择使AIC值达到最小的成分分布个数作为混合分布的成分分布数，分布中其它参数的确定利用EM算法来估计；其次，每个成分分布对应一种主基因基因型，根据各个成分分布的均值和方差，利用正态分布的极限误差将每个个体划分到相应的成分分布中，即相应的主基因基因型中，将每种主基因型作为单因素方差分析的一个处理水平，对其进行单因素的多元方差分析，分别计算主基因效应协方差阵、多基因效应协方差阵、环境协方差阵等参数；最后结合混合分布中各成分分布的权重即各主基因基因型的分离比例，计算主基因效应方差，多基因效应方差和环境方差，以及遗传力等参数，进而计算该数量性状的遗传进展。

Those problems include inverse position analysis of the machine, inverse and direct position analysis of the parallel locking mechanism, relationships of velocity and acceleration between cutter and actuators, Jacobian matrix of the machine, forward position computation of the machine, the links'velocity and acceleration of the driving chains, the links'velocity and acceleration of the locking mechanism, kinematics simulation of the machine, and so on. The Jacobian method presented in the thesis to calculate the direct position of the machine is of high efficient.

其中包括机床的位置逆解分析，平行机构的位置逆解分析，机床刀具与各主动关节之间的速度和加速度映射关系的求解，并联机床雅可比矩阵的计算，并联机床的位置正解计算，支链构件的速度和加速度计算，平行机构各构件的速度和加速度计算以及机床各运动学指标的仿真计算等。

The ratio of stock right calculated according to venture investment experiential principles is sound and easy to accept. It can give quantitative analysis support to the venture investment practice.(6)According to the theory of the real option, the author derived value formula of the real option fixed price and investment criterion. Based on above, the paper further research for optimal investment strategy of real option in monopolizing and competition under asymmetry information, and built the value model of real option for the investor and administrator by using the theory of the principle trust-agent Meanwhile, the solution of real option optimal investment and the shift value are derived applying the maximal principle .

针对高新技术企业发展的特点：研制周期长、投资费用高、每阶段风险水平特征差别大，运用实物期权理论与计算方法，通过研究建立嵌入期权现金流量图深入分析计算了企业发展中风险投资的最优策略、股权占有比例问题，对不确定性问题由于采用了有关实物期权计算公式，所以计算结果比基于传统的现金流量图的NPV方法更加客观、科学，同时按照风险投资经验法则计算出的股权占有比例合理易于接受，可为企业风险投资实践活动提供数量分析支持。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了