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Compared with traditional numerical methods such as the FEM, FDM, etc, the LB method has several important features, including: simplicity in algorithm, easily programming, direct calculation of pressure from a state equation and amenability to simulate all kinds of flow field with complex boundaries, it also has much advantage in the respect of parallel computation because of its regional evolution.

与传统的计算方法如FEM、FDM等相比,LB方法具有算法简单、编程容易、压力可以通过状态方程直接求解、能够模拟各种复杂边界的流场等优点,并且计算的局域性使其在并行计算方面也具有很大的优势。

The popular theories of CFST column which are the superposition method, the steel analogue method, the concrete analogue method and the uniform method are commented and compared.

通过分析研究同样采用叠加原理的日本方钢管混凝土柱计算理论,按照计算简洁、概念明确和安全可靠的原则,确定了方钢管混凝土柱的计算公式。

An exstensive research on the calculation formulas for the abutment cone slope on skewed bridges is conclucted.Calculation formulas of key parameters on slope curve are derived through analytic calculation of ellipse curve at slope bottom.The values of parameters are discussed and various forms of cone slope and curve at slope bottom are detailed.

以斜交桥梁桥台锥坡为锥坡的一般形式展开较深入的研究,通过对坡脚椭圆曲线的解析计算,推导得出坡脚曲线各控制参数的计算公式,并对其取值进行讨论,详细说明了锥坡和坡脚曲线的各种形式;进而推导了斜交锥坡的体积、护坡体积、表面积和基础体积的计算公式。

The main work and the originality points of this dissertation could be concluded as the following parts:(1) To analyze systematically the mathematical model of LES of air flow in great space, under the case of isothermal and non-isothermal, as well as the combined action of buoyancy and strain. Some basic problems are studied about the LES application into airflow simulation of great space, such as boundary conditions, spatial difference scheme and time advancing scheme, time step etc., which creates the basis for the LES application to indoor airflow simulation.(2) Both the instantaneous and time averaged flow field of great space with multiple jets under isothermal and non-isothermal cases are explored with large eddy simulation method, and also discussed the dynamic characteristics and the law of fluidflow in the great space.(3) Based on the results of LES of the great space and the Fanger thermal comfort indexes, it is brought forward the concept of the series of dynamic thermal comfort evaluating indexes, which could be divided into thermal comfort index with time averaged properties PD, PPD, PMV, thermal comfort index with instantaneous properties IPD, IPPD, IPMV, and time averaged thermal comfort indexes TAPD, TAPPD, TAPMV, and transient situations time averaged thermal comfort indexes TTAPD, TTAPPD, TTAPMV. The differences among them and the calculation methods are discussed, and the four kinds of indexes are calculated with the thermal comfort index PD as an example.(4) Based on the LES results it is discussed the hot air stratification phenomena in air-conditioned buildings in the case with air supply and return registers on the ceiling and the case on the sidewall. The fundamentals of the hot air stratification are studied and the relations of estimating hot air stratification are brought forward.(5) With the advanced apparatus such as hot wire film anemometer IFA300 and laser particle field anemoscope, corresponding model test and site measurements have been done, which are compared with the simulation results and LES is proved a very promising method in air flow simulation indoor.

本文主要工作既创新点体现在以下几个方面:(1)系统分析了等温、非等温和考虑剪切力与浮升力综合作用的高大空间大涡模拟数学模型,并研究了高大空间大涡模拟在室内气流仿真应用中的一些基本问题,如边界条件、空间离散格式和时间推进格式、时间步长选择等问题,为大涡模拟在室内气流计算中的广泛应用打下了基础;(2)首次用大涡模拟方法研究了高雷诺数下高大空间多射流在等温、非等温情况下的瞬时流场和时均流场分布,并探讨了多射流流场的动态特性和流动规律;(3)基于大涡模拟的动态仿真结果和Fanger的热舒适指标,首次系统地提出了动态热舒适评价指标体系的概念:即基于时间平均参数的热舒适指标PD、PPD、PMV;基于瞬时参数的瞬时热指标IPD、IPPD、IPMV;基于时间平均热舒适指标TAPD、TAPPD、TAPMV;以及沿行动迹线的时间平均热舒适指标TTAPD、TTAPPD、TTAPMV,并分析了四类热舒适指标的差异性和计算方法,还以PD值为例对四类指标分别进行了计算;(4)基于数十种工况下空调房间大涡模拟的结果,研究了空调建筑上送上回和侧送侧回两种情况下热分层现象,并探讨了热分层的基本规律,首次提出了避免热分层现象的判断公式;(5)在暖通空调领域,首次使用IFA300热线风速仪、激光粒子速度场仪等先进设备,完成了与大涡模拟相对应的模型试验,并把实测结果与仿真结果进行了对比,说明LES在室内气流仿真方面是一种很有前景的方法。

The regression equation can describe well the change of standard deviation of relative radiation error with solar zenith angle, standard deviation of height, and resolution of digital elevation model. The result demonstrates that it is necessary to consider terrain complexity when using moderate resolution of remotely sensed data.

利用拟合方程可以计算任意地形条件下,不同分辨率的卫星资料在不同太阳天顶角情况下,不考虑地形复杂性产生的平均地表入射太阳辐射的计算误差,结果表明,使用中分辨率的卫星资料计算地表太阳净辐射时,需要考虑地形复杂性。

An adaptive grid scheme controlling cell area is used to generated grids in the divergent section of symmetric annular nozzle, and the generated grids are used in the flowfield calculation through the uncoupled way. The elliptic equations are used to generate grids in three dimensional regions of FDN divergent section, the source terms used in the equations employ a mathematical form which is independent of the boundary shape and of the boundary grid point distribution, the free parameters contained in the source terms are determined by the two restraint conditions, the intersection angle of transverse grid lines with boundaries and the local curvature of the transverse grid lines at the boundaries, and the interior grid distribution controlled directly by the grid point distribution assigned on the boundaries is realized, it makes the grid more clustering near the nozzle wall. For the generated grids in the whole computational regions have a good smoothness and orthogonality, the accuracy of calculation in the flowfield is ensured.

对轴对称的环形喷管采用控制网格面积的自适应网格方法对扩散段部分进行了网格生成,并通过非耦合方式应用于喷管的流场计算中;对强制偏流喷管扩散段内的三维区域采用椭圆型方程进行网格生成,方程中的源项采用了与边界形状和边界网格点分布无关的数学形式,源项内的自由参数由横向网格线与边界的交角及横向网格线在边界处的局部曲率两个约束条件来确定,实现了由边界上的网格分布直接控制内部的网格点,使壁面附近具有较密集的网格,并且在整个计算区域内的网格都具有良好的光滑性和正交性,从而保证了流场计算的准确性。

Described the design of supercritical fluid extraction principles; combination of star anise essential oil of the nature of the proposed extraction conditions for extracting pressure 15MPa, extraction temperature 40 ℃, CO2 flow rate 830 ~ 850L / h, extraction time of 2h, the extraction conditions selected temperature swing separation, further development of the star anise crushed, CO2 super-critical phase transition, extraction, separation and packaging processes; in determining the production process on the basis of material balance, heat balance, extractor size calculation, piping calculation and packaging process is calculated; for the pollution occurred during the production, analysis of pollution sources, pollution control and waste treatment proposed measures; accounting of production costs and value.

本设计阐述了超临界流体萃取技术的原理;结合八角精油的性质,提出萃取条件为萃取压力15MPa,萃取温度40℃,CO2流量830~850L/h,萃取时间2h,根据萃取条件选用变温变压的分离方式,进一步制定了八角粉碎、CO2超临界相变、萃取、分离和包装等工序;在确定的生产工艺流程的基础上进行物料衡算、热量衡算、萃取釜尺寸计算、管路计算和包装工序计算;针对生产过程中出现的污染,分析污染的来源,提出控制污染和废料处理的措施;核算生产的成本和价值。

To resolve thismodel,one approximate liner first derivative equation is used.An simple caculatemodel is setted up for caculating the motive adjust,and a mathematical equation incaculating the range of pressure motion in the system.Experiment data showe thatthese models have high accurecy.

在此基础上,对分析模型采用一阶微分近似线性化处理,建立了计算动态调节过程的简化计算模型,并以此建立了计算系统压力动态变幅的计算式,试验表明简化模型具有较高的精度。

Combining the definition of CWT and the derivative property of convolution, we constructed a general method to calculate the approximate derivative of signal through CWT by using the first and second derivative of Gaussian function, Haar, and the first derivative of three-order-Spline function as wavelets. As compared with the other approaches of calculating derivative, which include the numerical differentiation, polynomial filters, Fourier transform, and the recently proposed DWT method, fast calculation and simple mathematical operation were remarkable advantages of CWT method. For the signal corrupted by severe noise (Signal-toNoise Ratio=5), the satisfactory results could also obtained via CWT method through appropriately adiusting the dilations.

在此基础上,(1)结合连续小波变换的特点和卷积的微分性质,提出了使用Gaussian函数的一阶和二阶导数,Haar和三次样条函数的一阶导数作为小波函数的连续小波变换计算信号近似导数的一般性方法,与其他导数计算方法(包括数字微分法,多项式滤波法,Fourier变换法和离散小波变换法)相比,本法简单便捷,计算速度快,对于噪声含量较高的信号(S/N为5),只要适当调节尺度即可获得比较满意的结果。

Based on a lot of calculating analyses on various working condition, the thesis give the approximate calculating formula of multi-order natural frequency of vibration of round silo.

对不同直径、不同高度的实体单仓进行了大量的、多种工况的计算分析的基础上,提出了计算圆型筒仓的多阶自振频率的近似计算公式。

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推荐网络例句

Lugalbanda was a god and shepherd king of Uruk where he was worshipped for over a thousand years.

Lugalbanda 是神和被崇拜了一千年多 Uruk古埃及喜克索王朝国王。

I am coming just now,' and went on perfuming himself with Hunut, then he came and sat.

我来只是现在,'歼灭战perfuming自己与胡努特,那麼,他来到和SAT 。

The shamrock is the symbol of Ireland and of St.

三叶草是爱尔兰和圣特里克节的标志同时它的寓意是带来幸运。3片心形叶子围绕着一根断茎,深绿色。