计算

By getting over the state of the art about the technique of the tailrace tunnel with sloping ceiling, the research contents and study ways and means are put forward, and the importance to research is explained.

第二章：主要论述了变顶高尾水洞的工作原理、体型设计和适用条件以及过渡过程计算的数值计算模型，重点在于数学模型的建立与分析，明满流交替现象中选择了合理的计算模型和计算方法；第三章：着重介绍了向家坝变顶高尾水洞方案模型试验的研究内容和主要结果。

By getting over the state of the art about the technique of the tailrace tunnel with sloping ceiling, the research contents and study ways and means are put forward, and the importance to research is explained.Chapter 2 introduces the working principle of the tailrace tunnel with sloping ceiling. And the design of body type, appliance condition and the numerical model for transient process are illuminated.

第二章：主要论述了变顶高尾水洞的工作原理、体型设计和适用条件以及过渡过程计算的数值计算模型，重点在于数学模型的建立与分析，明满流交替现象中选择了合理的计算模型和计算方法；第三章：着重介绍了向家坝变顶高尾水洞方案模型试验的研究内容和主要结果。

The primary studying works and characteristics:1 To summarize reinforcing theory of cement mixing pile composite foundation2 To analyze the primary mechanics characters and changing rules of cement mixing pile, based on analysis of test data both indoor and outdoor.3 To discuss siding frictional resistance, ending resistance, ultimate bearing capacity of simple mixing pile and effectiveness factor of grouped piles, loading ratio of soil between piles under cushion cap of grouped piles and stress ratio of pile and soil and so on, and use many computation method and experimentation method to ensure bearing capacity of mixing piles composite foundation.4 To point out and analyze eight sides flaws and problems of the bearing capacity calculation method of mixing pile compositefoundation which ensured by national and normative method/ formula.5 To apply test results of loading tests and a few settlement observation data, use gray theory to predicate ultimate bearing capacity of deep mixing piles, actual example demonstrate engaging between theoretical predicted value and actual value.6 To apply groovy layerwise summation method to discuss entity piles method, double foundation method, equivalent layerwise summation method and consolidation theoretical method and so on, especially by combination of engineering example, use FEM to calculate or discuss the settlement and changing rules of composite foundation.7 To discuss problems of critical length of composite foundation by combination of engineering example and numerical analysis method, and analyze the contrast of critical length between simple pile load and most area load of composite foundation, not only critical length of composite foundation is relative to modulus ratio between piles and soil, but also upside load distribution area of composite foundation.

主要的研究工作与特色为：(1)总结了水泥搅拌桩复合地基的加固原理；(2)在对室内外试验资料进行统计分析的基础上，系统分析了搅拌桩水泥土的主要力学特性及其变化规律；(3)探讨了搅拌单桩的侧摩阻力、端阻力、极限承载力及群桩效率系数、群桩承台下桩间土荷载分担比及桩土应力比等，提出用多种计算方法并结合试验方法来综合确定搅拌桩复合地基的承载力；(4)明确指出和分析了按国家有关规范的方法确定搅拌桩复合地基承载力所存在的八个方面的缺陷与问题；(5)利用过去没有加载至破坏阶段的载荷试验成果和较少的沉降观测数据，尝试了用灰色理论预测深层搅拌桩的极限承载力，实例表明理论预测值与实测值吻合较好；(6)在常规分层总和法的基础上，探讨了复合地基沉降计算的实体墩基法、双层地基法、等效作用分层总和法、固结理论法等，特别是结合工程实例，用有限元数值计算等方法计算和讨论了搅拌桩复合地基的沉降及其变化规律；(7)结合工程实例，用数值分析方法探讨了复合地基临界桩长的问题，指出和分析了单桩荷载下的临界桩长与复合地基大面积荷载下的临界桩长存在很大的差别，复合地基的临界桩长不仅与桩土模量比有关，而且与复合地基上部荷载分布面积有关。

Some efforts were made to improve the computational efficiency of the mold filling simulation of die casting process. To speed up the convergence of the pressure field and speed field, the SOLA method was modified and a dynamic iteration direction method was put forward.

通过对SOLA算法中迭代方法的改进和采用"动态迭代方向"法，加速了流场计算的迭代收敛速度；通过引进"瞬态层"概念，大大简化了流场耦合温度场计算时的计算规模，提高了计算效率。

The characters of several current calculation methods of disturbing gravitation are compared and the spherical harmonics function to calculate the disturbing gravitation is adopted.

通过比较几种现有的扰动引力计算方法的特点，采用了球谐函数法计算扰动引力，给出了用几何关系法求落点偏差的方法，分析了扰动引力在导弹飞行过程中的变化趋势和球谐函数模型取不同阶数时扰动引力计算造成的落点偏差，实现了通过合理选取球谐函数阶数来保证扰动引力截断误差较小的快速计算。

In the process of numerical computation of electromagnetic field, primary ending voltage is taken as constraint condition, primary starting current is iterated, and stating current and starting torque at rated voltage is obtained.

在电磁场的数值计算过程中，以初级端电压为约束条件，对初级起动电流进行了迭代计算，得到了额定电压下的起动电流和起动转矩，最后把正弦电磁场计算结果与实测结果进行了对比，表明直线感应电动机起动性能的计算结果满足工程实际的需要。

By Xie Venus speaker, including basic computing, scientific computing, statistical computing, optimization calculations.

详细说明：由谢金星主讲，包括基本计算，科学计算，统计计算，优化计算。

Rolling force and moment are the basic technics parameter for Assel rolling mill design,but about it,s technics calculate is very poor currently.one form by dint of approximately calculate, the result unlikelihood .J·kazanecki and domestic scholar according as metal distortion superior limit,gave some formula have some worthiness,but very complexity.the author base on practicality rolling technics, gvie a simpleness calculate means.the result close to measure numerical value,supply some reference value.

轧制力、轧制力矩是设计Assel轧管机最为基本的参数，但是目前关于其工艺计算的理论还很不成熟，只能借助于近似工程计算方法求得，结果往往偏差较大。德国的J·kazanecki和国内的一些学者提出了利用金属塑性变形场的上界法求解上述参数，具有一定的参考价值，但其数学计算相当繁杂。作者从轧制工艺实际出发，遵循塑性力学的基本原理，给出了简便易行的计算方法，具有重要的实际意义。

The characteristics of air conditioning load in the underfloor air supply rooms were analyzed, and the difference between underfloor air supply air conditioning and the traditional in load calculation method was pointed out.

分析了下送风房间空调负荷的特点，指出了下送风空调系统与传统空调系统在负荷计算方法上的差异，介绍了2种目前用于下送风空调负荷计算的主要方法即数值计算法和修正系数法，并对2种方法的计算特点、适用范围等进行了详细论述。

To solve the problems in present hydraulic calculations of gas pipe network such as numerous data-inputting, unprecise output and a lack of hydraulic calculation methods to keep consistent with steady flow and non-steady flow in real working conditions of gas pipe network, in the paper the author has set up a mathematical model of heat transfer process of gas in pipes on the basis of thermodynamic basic theories and obtained more accurate calculation methods of gas storage quantity in long conveying pipes and urban pipe network of high pressure. This research achievement has been applied to real pipe network.

本文研究目的是解决目前燃气管网水力计算中存在的诸如输入数据繁琐、计算精度不高、缺乏符合实际燃气管网工况的稳定流及不稳定流管网水力计算方法等问题，试图根据热力学基本理论建立燃气在管道中传热过程数学模型，给出较为精确的长输管线及城市高压管网储气量的计算方法，并将研究成果应用于实际管网运行中。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。