计算

Recursion formula of strain was developed by incremental method in condition of variable stress and constant stress in each time step separately,and calculating program was compiled,which is in agreement with test results.

分别按每个计算步长内应力为变值和常值，采用增量法推导了每个计算步长内收缩徐变的递推计算公式，并编制了相应的计算程序。

Deficiency existed in the present calculation method of loan repayment period of fixed assets expenditure is analysied combining with a actual example. New idea and formula of calculating the peiod for each year is suggested. The result calculated in this formula can really show redeemability of the project.

结合实例分析了现行建设项目固定资产投资借款还期计算中存在的不足；提出了分别计算各年的借款偿还期的思路和计算公式，计算结果能较真实地反映项目的清偿能力。

The computational formula of dew point temperature was presented according to the physical feature of water vapor such as Michell's saturated water vapour pressure formula. Surface temperature inside wall body was also calculated. Then the comparison between them verified whether wall body has dew. At the same time, the temperatures of every material layer inside wall body were calculated. The partial pressures of saturated water vapour and actual partial pressures of water vapour for every material layer inside wall body were obtained. The two were compared so as to verify whether condensation appears inside wall body.

根据Michell饱和水气压计算公式等水蒸气的物理特性，给出了露点温度计算公式，再计算出墙体内表面温度，将二者进行比较，从而验证墙体是否结露；同时计算出墙体内部各材料层温度，求出墙体内部各材料层的饱和水蒸气分压力及各材料层实际水蒸气分压力，将两者比较，从而验证墙体内部是否出现冷凝。

At the same time,it designed the project of construction supervision and measure aimed at the strengthening bridge by external presttessing,through the contrast between the result in theory and fact,we can see that it is feasible to use predigestion's computing based on elasticity to analyse continuous rigid frame briges reinforced by external presttessing ,and it can ignore the effect of the second stress. So, it can be capable of the analyses in the strengthening bridge by external presttessing using the method of controlling by flexibility and stress to set up the model of scathe,and,the method of external presttessing can ensure stress reserve of the main beam, to reduce effectively PrinciPal tensile stress, to renew line state of bridge structure and gradient. The effect of strengthenment was obvious and the reinforcement scheme was successful.

同时，进行了该桥体外预应力加固监测方案设计，并通过理论计算结果与实际监测成果的比较，验证了在施工阶段及正常使用阶段，大跨连续刚构体系的体外预应力加固计算中忽略二次应力增量的影响，采用弹性分析方法进行简化计算的可行性，进而说明采用双控拟合方法建立的结构损伤模型能够满足体外预应力加固计算的要求，并且体外预应力加固法能够显著增大主梁的应力储备、有效地减少了主拉应力、恢复了桥面线形和坡度，加固效果明显，加固方式成功。

The rainstorm process is a complex and stochastic multi-dimensional process.A correlation exists between the maximal annual period-storm and the rainfall duration,with overlooking many factors,the parameterwill not be a constant.Since 1980s,heavy rain and flood of small basins can be calculated by auto-recording rainfall observation system,and 20-year's self-recording rainfall data can improve the calculation accuraey.

暴雨过程是一个复杂的多维随机过程，年最大时段暴雨xt，p与暴雨历时t的暴雨公式属于经验相关关系，忽略了不少影响因素，因此，公式中参数n值不会是稳定不变的。20世纪80年代以后，随着自记雨量观测应用，到目前已经有20多年的资料系列，小流域暴雨设计的计算就可以直接利用时段实测降水资料系列进行计算，设计洪水时，可根据实测雨量时段资料，计算该设计流域的n值，可提高计算精度。

The methods include: determining all elements' sensitivities to the sum of error functions, optimization sequence and direction of objective functions, eigenvalues and eigenvectors of Hessian matrix and the approach of stabilizing algorithm.

提出了计算功率GaAs MESFET小信号模型参数的一些改进方法，包括计算Hesse矩阵本征值和本征向量，确定各元件对总误差的敏感度、目标函数的优化顺序和优化方向，以及稳定的计算方法，计算结果与器件的测量值吻合。

Then,to design the self burned out electric arc circuit breaker,conclued computing theparameter about burned out arc room , isolated constuction ,shuting up electric brake and shunt winding condenser,sealing up construction.

接着，对110kV自能吹弧式断路器进行设计，设计包括灭弧室各项参数的计算、绝缘结构的设计计算、合闸电阻及并联电容器的设计计算以及密封结构的设计计算。

In this dissertation, many works have been done on the basis of the summarization of the merits of all kinds of meshless methods after a large number of relevant references are read and studied. The basic ideas, principles of meshless methods and their development in the recent years are introduced synoptically. Applications of Element-free Galerkin method in elastic foundation plate are studied deeply and some useful conclusions are obtained as follows:(1) Comparisons between numerical solutions and analytical solutions for several different styles of weight functions, including Gaussian weight function, spline weight function and singular weight function etc, are performed. The results show that Gaussian weight function is the best one.(2) Ranges of relevant parameters for Gaussian weight function are given.(3) Influences of nodal distribution schemes and the number of Gaussian integrated dots on computational results are discussed.

在本文中，作者在认真阅读和研究所搜集到的大量参考文献、综合各种无网格法优点的基础上，首先，对无网格法的基本思想、基本原理、发展现状作了概括性的介绍；其次，对无单元Galerkin法在弹性地基板计算中的应用进行了较为深入的探讨：(1)分别对高斯型、样条型、奇异型等不同形式的权函数进行比较分析，数值计算结果与级数解析解的比较表明，高斯型权函数效果较好：(2)对高斯型权函数进行参数研究，得到地基板计算中相关参数的选取范围；(3)对不同节点分布方案和不同高斯积分对计算结果的影响等作了有益的讨论。

Based on it, the research content of this dissertation has been determined. Tuan Shan River Bridge is selected as an example and APDL is used to analyze the elastic properties. After calculating the internal force influence surface of assembly skew hollow slab bridge, the internal force-controlling section is attained; the transverse distribution of internal force is studied and the transverse distribution coefficient is parametric analyzed. Based on the results, relation formula of transverse distribution coefficient between skew and perpendicular bridges are fitted. Practical calculation method for the internal force calculation of assembly skew hollow slab bridge is offered. Some conclusions are drawn from comparing and analysing the internal force, bearing reaction and deformation of both assembly and monolithic skew slab bridges.

本文对装配式斜交空心板桥的发展现状进行了综述，从此出发，确定了本文的研究内容，以团山河大桥为工程背景，采用ANSYS 提供的参数化语言APDL，对装配式斜交空心板桥弹性特性进行全面分析，计算了装配式斜交空心板桥的内力影响面，得到内力控制截面；同时计算了内力的横向分布影响线和横向分布系数，并对内力横向分布系数进行了参数分析；基于参数分析的结果，拟合了装配式斜交空心板桥与对应正交桥内力横向分布系数的关系式，为装配式斜交空心板桥的内力计算提供了实用计算方法；对比分析了装配式斜板桥与整体式斜板桥的内力、支座反力以及变形特点，得出了一些有益结论。

A calculation method of reliability for slope stability,whose state function is implicit function,was researched.

利用其计算可靠度指标和验算点，然后将安全系数计算近似方程、隐函数计算方程和验算点结合起来，确定新的展开点和抽样点，并进行近似方程再拟合、可靠度指标的循环计算直到收敛。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。