计算

This paper reports a new GPU cluster system to meet the challenge of computing the protein molecular field by approaches of quantum chemistry. This system uses MPI parallel programming environment to link all nodes of the cluster, adopts Open MP (open multi-processing) as a multi-core CPU programming environment and CUDA as a GPU programming environment.

针对生物化学计算中采用量子化学理论计算蛋白质分子场所带来的巨大计算量的问题，搭建起一个GPU集群系统，用来加速计算基于量子化学的蛋白质分子场。

The methods of parametric calculation and circuit equation calculation are also introduced.

阐述了超高压电压互感器冲击电压分布计算的电路模型、参数计算和电路方程计算的方法，计算了三种不同结构的模型，并就这些结构的特点对冲击电压分布的影响进行了比较。

According to the characteristic that the definition point of the Q matrix of wave front is always located on the extremum point on the axis of the beam, a three-dimensional formula for the rectificative factor of phase in complex ray paraxial approximation is proposed, which calculates the rectificative factor of phase directly without considering the calculation of the main directions and curvatures and the rotation of the coordinates, thus simplifying the paraxial approximation calculation by the complex ray expansion method.

根据波前Q矩阵的定义点总位于波束轴上极值点的特点，提出了三维复射线近轴近似相位校正因子计算公式。该公式不用考虑主方向和主曲率的计算和坐标旋转，直接计算相位校正因子，从而简化了复射线展开法的近轴近似计算。

The impact of transfer contracts on node voltages is evaluated according to base-case Jacobian matrix and the partial derivatives of ...

定义flowgate为线路热极限和线路故障2种情况，分别计算基态潮流和考虑线路紧急故障情况下的区域间ATC值，并与线性分布因子法和重复潮流法计算结果相比较。IEEE30节点系统计算结果表明，该算法快速准确，满足在线计算和分析要求。

There are many ways to calculate GPS satellite azimuth and elevation, but the precision is low. A new method to decide GPS satellite position using the broadcast ephemeris is presented, the way to checkup the precision is also given, and some research are made to analysis the error feature of the position which is calculated by the broadcast ephemeris as well, the results show the error is periodic.

GPS卫星高度角、方位角计算方法众多，但精度低；针对这点，提出了一种利用广播星历计算卫星高度角、方位角的方法，对该方法能够达到的精度提出了鉴定的途径，并分析了利用广播星历计算卫星高度角以及方位角的误差特点，结果表明利用广播星历计算的卫星高度角、方位角呈现出周期性变化的规律。

A new method to decide GPS satellite position using the broadcast ephemeris is presented, the way to checkup the precision is also given, and some research are made to analysis the error feature of the position which is calculated hy the broadcast ephemeris as well, the results show the error is periodic.

GPS卫星高度角、方位角计算方法众多，但精度低；针对这点，提出了一种利用广播星历计算卫星高度角、方位角的方法，对该方法能够达到的精度提出了鉴定的途径，并分析了利用广播星历计算卫星高度角以及方位角的误差特点，结果表明利用广播星历计算的卫星高度角、方位角呈现出周期性变化的规律。

In the theoretical calculation, the direct calculating method of the high pressure phase diagram of ternary system was worked out on the basis of the boundary theory of phase diagrams and the principles of the calculation of high pressure multicomponent phase diagrams.

在理论计算方面，根据相图的边界理论和多元体系高压相图的计算原理，提出了直接计算三元体系高压相图的方法和计算过程。

Based on the non-linear system and in the light of the characteristics of piecewise linearization of the bumper performance curve in the calculation of train coupling s,the calculation formulas are re-deduced by use of the basic principles of Newmark-β method.

基于非线性系统，针对列车连挂计算中缓冲器特性曲线分段线性化的特点，利用Newmark-β方法的基本原理重新推导计算公式，改进了传统的Newmark-β方法，改善了算法的稳定性，减小了计算误差，使之适用于列车连挂的计算。

With the vertical time sequence results computed by the monitoring data (until Aug, 2008) from 28 GPS stations of continuous observation in Tianjin and Beijing Area, the paper analyzes the variation characteristics of vertical component of each GPS continuous stations, calculates the vertical movement velocity of GPS stations in Tianjin and Beijing Area of 2007~2008, compares with the vertical deformation velocity calculated by leveling of 2007-2008 in Capital Circle Area; Furthermore, searches GPS stations nearby the leveling route, corresponding to the first and second leveling time period, calculates the section plane of GPS route, analyzes and compares the section results of GPS and leveling of 2 time periods.

利用北京和天津地区的28个GPS连续观测站资料（资料截至2008年8月）计算得到的垂直向时序结果，分析各个GPS连续观测站垂向分量的变化特征，计算得到2007~2008年北京天津地区GPS站垂直运动速率，并与水准测量计算得到的2007~2008首都圈地区垂直形变速率进行比较；通过寻找水准测量路线附近的GPS站点，相应于水准的初测和复测时段，计算得到GPS路线剖面图，将GPS与水准2个时段的剖面结果进行对比分析。

Combining with the National Natural Science Foundation ofChina(No.50478032), following researches were done in this thesis: 1 The variation regularity of the ultimate anti-bending capacity of therectangular-sectioned beam with different corrosion has been obtained through thequalitative analysis of 48 beams (32 corroded beams and 12 comparing beams) withaccelerated corrosion; 2 The conclusion has been obtained that the strain of corroded steel bar andconcrete no longer fit in with the assumption of plane section through the analysis ofthe strain data, the strain relation of steel bar and concrete in the mid-span section ofvariously corroded beams at ultimate has been obtained. Through the building of newgeometric relation, the expression of the height of compressive area in the corrodedbeam with rectangular section has been deduced, and the formula with corrosion rateas the main variable for the anti-bending capacity of the corroded concrete beam hasbeen suggested and verified by experiment.; 3 The influence of steel bar corrosion and the concrete regression to the flexureductility coefficient of the corroded structure component has been analyzed. Based onthe relation of steel bar and concrete at yield and ultimate, the expression for theflexure at yield and ultimate of corroded reinforced concrete beam, and the model forthe calculation of the flexure ductility has been built.

本文结合国家自然科学基金项目(50478032)"既有钢筋混凝土桥梁时变可靠度研究"，主要进行了以下研究工作： 1通过对48根快速锈蚀钢筋混凝土矩形截面梁(32根锈蚀梁和12根对比试验梁)数据的定性分析，得到了不同锈蚀率下，锈蚀钢筋混凝土矩形截面梁极限抗弯承载力的变化规律； 2通过对应变数据的分析，论证了锈蚀构件钢筋和混凝土的应变不再符合平截面假定的结论，并通过回归分析得出了不同锈蚀率的螺纹钢筋梁和光圆钢筋梁在极限弯矩作用下，跨中截面处钢筋应变和钢筋处混凝土应变的关系，通过构造新的几何关系，得出了锈蚀钢筋混凝土矩形截面梁计算受压区高度的表达式，既而得出了以锈蚀率为主要变量的锈蚀钢筋混凝土矩形截面梁的正截面抗弯计算建议公式，并通过试验数据加以验证； 3分析了钢筋锈蚀和混凝土劣化对锈蚀构件曲率延性系数的影响，结合钢筋屈服和极限弯矩两种状态下钢筋和混凝土的应变关系，分别得到了锈蚀钢筋混凝土矩形截面梁屈服曲率和极限曲率的计算表达式；既而推导出曲率延性系数的计算模型。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。