解释语言

Current researches show little attention to this structure and thus this paper is devoted to an overall understanding of this structure. The content of this thesis focuses on the following three aspects:First, when restricting the potential semantic range of noun phrases with its own proposition, the modifying clauses in English and Chinese share the same semantic features. That is to say, the modified noun phrase and the predicate of the clause depend on each other for existence. This semantic restrictiveness is obligatory for the clause and the noun phrase it modifies in both languages. Second, though sharing the same potential conceptual meaning, the combination of a clause and its modified noun phrase shows different syntactic position in surface structure as well as the inner structure of the clause. Based on a full description of syntactic characteristics of this kind of clause, the present thesis points out the differences and similarities existing in surface structure between English and Chinese. Finally, under the guidance of Chomskys Minimalist Program(1995), the thesis analyses the derivational processes of this structure in both languages.

现有的对比研究对于该结构的探讨，不论是在描述和解释上都是不完备的，为了深化这一句法结构的认识，本文从如下几个方面对英汉分句作定语修饰名词的现象进行了对比：首先，分句用自身的命题限制中心名词的语义范围时，在两种语言中具有相同的语义特征，即中心名词与分句内部的谓词之间存在依存关系，分句修饰名词必然受到语义的限制，是英汉两种语言必须共同遵守的准则；其次，英汉两种语言中表达相同概念意义的这一句法单位与其修饰的名词结合后，在表层结构中体现出不同的位置关系，且分句内部的句法结构也各有特点，本文在充分对其句法特征描述的基础上，指出二者在表层形式上的差异和共性；最后，尝试在乔姆斯基的最简方案(1995)框架内，演示英汉两种语言。

Through the intensional interpretation, first-order language gets more close to the semantics of natural lan guage, and is truly neutral to all kinds of subject matter.

比之于外延语义的解释，内涵语义的解释使一阶语言更接近于自然语言的语义，而且也使一阶逻辑对各种题材真正保持了逻辑的中立性。

There are still theoretical blanks to fill. Therefore, the present study focuses on the Internet language and the conceptual framework is constructed on the basis of Jef Verschuerens (2000) Linguistic Adaptation Theory.

因此，本文以网络语言为研究对象，以国际语用学会秘书长耶夫·维索尔伦(2000)的语言顺应论为理论框架，研究方法是基于语料的定性研究，旨在证明该理论是否对网络语言有较强的解释力，即网络语言是否具有顺应性。

She tells about Victoria's experience living in the building. Here, she explains the language of Sephardic Jews, called Ladino, and sings part of a sad Ladino song: Oh, it's a very mixed up language. It's like a little bit Spanish...we call it Judeo Espagnol...and it's a little bit Turkish, a little bit Hebrew...a lot of languages mixed up all together.

下面，她向我们解释了西班牙系犹太人的语言，这种语言叫拉地诺语，她还给我们唱了一段悲伤的拉地诺语歌曲：&噢，这是一种非常复杂的语言，它有点西班牙口音，我们称之为犹大伊斯帕格尔…，还有一点土耳其口音，还有一点希伯来口音，这是一种有许多语言混合在一起的语言。&

This paper describes and interprets employment situations of vague language in English business correspondence,thus concludes that the employment of vague language in English business correspondence is still based on the principles of clarity and appropriateness for business letters.The paper divides the employment situations into two kinds: objective unability and subjective unwillingness,based on wh...

通过对英文商务信函中模糊语言的使用情境进行描述性和解释性分析，认为模糊语言在英文商务信函中的使用还是基于商务信函必须明确得体这一原则，得出模糊语言在英文商务信函中的使用情境分为客观上的不能和主观上的不愿，在此基础上将模糊语言分为内容上的和语气上的两种类型，并从关联理论的角度对这两种情境存在的合理性进行解释。

The categories and types that we isolate from the world of phenomena we do not find there because they stare every observer in the face; on the contrary, the world is presented in a kaleidoscopic flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds 2）any influence is ascribed not to 'Language' as such or to one language compared with another, but to the use within a language of one variety rather than another (typically a sociolect - the language used primarily by members of a particular social group); 3） From the media theory perspective, the sociolects of sub-cultures and the idiolects of individuals represent a subtly selective view of the world: tending to support certain kinds of observations and interpretations and to restrict others.

1类别和类型，我们从各种现象，我们没有找到，因为他们都瞪着观察员在脸上世界孤立，相反，世界正处于一个展示千变万化的流量，而这正是我们的思想组织提交 2任何影响归咎于不'语言'本身，或一种语言与另一种，但在使用各种语言的一个，而不是另一个国家（通常是社会方言-使用特定社会群体的成员主要是语言）； 3从媒体理论的角度来看，分sociolects，文化和个人的idiolects代表了世界上巧妙地选择的看法：有助支持的意见和解释的某些种类和限制等 4他的技术决定论的立场，可以看作是极端Whorfianism应用一般的媒体的性质。

1Analyzing the various characteristics of quantified structures in Chinese by means of Generalized Quantifier Theory;(2)Extending the function of fragment of natural language. That is, this fragment can not only generate syntactically arguments, including square of opposition and syllogisms, in terms of quantified sentences in Chinese, but interprets semantically the logical validity of those arguments;(3) It is a new study from cognition to generate and interpret the arguments in fragment of natural language.

刻画量化结构及其推理的汉语部分语句系统，其价值如下：（1）运用广义量词理论的方法分析汉语量化结构的各种特征；（2）扩大自然语言部分语句系统的功能，不仅从句法上可以生成由汉语量化句表述的包括对当关系和三段论在内的推理，还能够从语义上解释这些推理句的逻辑有效性；（3）在自然语言部分语句系统内生成并解释推理，这是从认知角度研究推理的新视角。

That is , this fragment can not only generate syntactically arguments , including square of opposition and syllogisms , in ter ms of quantified sentences in Chinese , but interprets semantically the logical validity of those arguments 3 It is a new study from cognition to generate and interpret the arguments in fragment of natural language .

刻画量化结构及其推理的汉语部分语句系统，其价值如下：(1)运用广义量词理论的方法分析汉语量化结构的各种特征；(2)扩大自然语言部分语句系统的功能，不仅从句法上可以生成由汉语量化句表述的包括对当关系和三段论在内的推理，还能够从语义上解释这些推理句的逻辑有效性；(3)在自然语言部分语句系统内生成并解释推理，这是从认知角度研究推理的新视角。

It studies concrete language varieties under the concrete context of situation and context of culture, and integrates ideational meaning, interpersonal meaning and textual meaning organically to explain the nature and use of language. In essence, it takes both intralinguistic and extralinguistic meaning into consideration, which is the guarantee in achieving the meaning transferring successfully.

语域理论将具体的语言变体放在具体的文化语境和情景语境中进行研究，将语言的概念意义，人际意义及语篇意义有机地结合起来，进行理解和解释，实际上就是同时兼顾了语言内部的纯语言意义与语言的社会意义与功能。

Meanwhile, according to schleiermacher, linguistic hermeneutics consists of grammatical hermeneutics and artistic hermeneutics.

按照施莱尔马赫的理解，语言解释区分为语法解释和艺术性解释。从形式上看，两种解释各司其职，又各自分离。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。