解剖者

Abstract］ objective to explore the failure causes of mastoidectomy and precautions.methods the operation findings of 37 cases who underwent revision mastoidectomy from 1995 to 2005 were analyzed for causes of the primary procedures and revision mastoidectomy failure.results original symptoms disappeared.all cases achieved a dry ear after mastoidectomy 1～3 months.conclusion causes of failure of mastoidectomy include unfamiliarity with regional anatomy,absence of skill of surgeons,unadequate opening of mastoidale,and clinical experiences.each of these can result in residual lesion and inadequate drainage.some exceptions can also result in reoperation.to resect the pathological changes tissue thoroughly,to remain good drainage after operation,to manage some execptions are keys to prevent reoperation.

目的 探讨乳突根治术不能干耳原因及预防措施。方法对我科1990~2005年收治的37例乳突根治术不能干耳患者的再次乳突手术所见进行分析，并行二次乳突根治术。结果术后1～3个月患者原有症状消失、干耳。结论乳突根治术失败原因主要是术者中耳乳突解剖不熟、基本功不过硬、临床经验不足导致病灶残留、引流不畅和乳突尖开放不够及某些特殊情况所致。术中彻底去除病灶，保证术后引流通畅及特殊情况的处理，是防止二次手术的关键。

The damaging in gynecological urinary system during gynecological surgery occurs mainly in panhysterectomy and pelvic cavity clearing, also in oophorocystectomy.

妇科手术中泌尿系统损伤见于全子宫切除术和盆腔清扫术，亦见于卵巢囊肿切除术，与术者思想麻痹、缺乏良好心理素质、基本功不扎实、术中暴露不良、解剖变异及术中出血等有关，需从术、术中两方面着手预防。

METHODS: SERT immunoreactivity was measured using an immunoblotting procedure in autopsied brain of 16 chronic MA users testing positive for the drug in blood and brain and matched controls.

对16例血液和大脑MA检测呈阳性的MA长期使用者及与之匹配的对照者的尸体行解剖，获取脑组织，采用免疫印迹法测定SERT的免疫反应性。

Renal function of recipient was normal after 3 days. Conclusion: Transperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy in live-donor is a safe and effective procedure, which provides kidney with satisfactory blood vessels and ureter for graft.

经腹腔路径腹腔镜活体供肾切除术可以满意解剖肾血管和保留足够长的输尿管，而且安全、有效，创伤小、恢复快、痛苦少，供者易于接受。

Double-switch operation is the first choice in correction of DORV with atrioventricular discordance, especially in patients with right ventricular disfunction or tricuspidal regurgitation. If the heart can not be corrected because of combined complicated malformations, the strategy of one ventricular repair can be chosen.

房室连接不一致DORV根治手术应首选double- switch手术，尤其对形态学右心室功能不全和三尖瓣关闭不全者，如果合并多种复杂畸形解剖无法矫治，可选择单个心室的修补方案。

Radiograph showed that 96 cases obtained anatomic reduction of facies articularis patellae, and the fractured knee function was improved (90 °) after average 3.3 weeks, flexion and extension function restored to normal extent at average 6.9 weeks.

结果：106例患者平均随访23个月（11~50个月），X射线片示髌骨关节面达到解剖复位者96例，患膝功能平均3.3周达到90°，平均6.9周屈、伸功能达到健侧水平，按Bostman临床评分系统，优99例，良7例，优良率100％。

Objective: To provide anatomic basis for pectoranis minor muscle transplantation by vessels and nerves anastomosis to reconstruct thumb opposition function. Methods: The blood supply and nerve innervation of pectoralis minor muscle, the comparison of the morphology and dimension of both pectoralis minor muscle and thenar muscle were investigated on 20 sides of adult cadaveric thoraxes and hands. According to the locations of the vessels and nerves of the pectoralis minor, the clipped pectoralis minor muscle at the same side were transplanted and fixed to thenar muscles with the same direction of thenar muscle fiber. After that, the process of dragging simulating opposition movement of hand were performed and observed.

目的：为吻合血管神经的选择性胸小肌移植重建拇对掌功能术式提供解剖学依据方法：在20侧成人胸部及手部标本中，解剖观察胸小肌的血管神经分布及胸小肌和大鱼际肌的形态、大小并将一者进行比较；然后按照大鱼际肌纤维走行方向，参考血管神经位置，将胸小肌修剪合适后移植固定于同侧手部大鱼际，模拟正常手部拇对掌功能予以牵拉，观察标本手部拇对掌过程。

Generations of artists, anatomists, forensic and psychological experts and facial surgeons have probed on and below its surface, mapping its contours inside and out, on the dead as well as the living.

各世代的艺术家、解剖学家、法医和心理学家以及整型外科医生，皆试图描绘活著的人或是已故者的「脸」的表面及深层意涵。

Eschewing all the post-Renaissance rules about anatomical structure, perspective or light source in western art, the life force in Chinese painting continues to pivot upon the relationship of one mark to another, leading the eye on a dance across the picture plane during which every stroke, every cipher acts as a prompt to the viewer's memory bank.

回避了西方艺术中自后文艺复兴以来关于解剖结构，透视和光源的规则，中国绘画中的生命力持续与物体之间的关系有关，引导眼睛通过每一笔掠过图画的画面，每一笔都在诠释观看者的记忆库。

It hurts too much, they tell him, as his scalpels and his torches work their terrible surgery upon him.

当阿冈尼司帝斯用解剖刀和火把为他们实施那恐怖的变形手术时，请愿者们呻吟着对他说这个过程实在是太痛苦了。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。