角质

In our model, the dose-dependent inhibitory and facilitative effects were observed respectively in niacinamide and α-MSH treated group.

HaCaT细胞是成人皮肤中分离的一种永生化的角质形成细胞株，具有正常角质形成细胞所应有的特性，常用来替代人表皮角质形成细胞进行实验研究[3]。

Methods Keratinocytes monolayers and Malassezia furfur were co-cultured in vitro, and the modulating effects of Malassezia furfur on the expression of TLR-2 was measured by immuocytochemistry methods, the expression and secretion of sICAM-1 and IL-8 in keratinocytes was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.

马拉色菌和角质形成细胞体外共培养，通过免疫细胞化学方法检测角质形成细胞TLR-2蛋白的表达状况，并运用ELISA方法检测马拉色菌对角质形成细胞sICAM-1和IL-8表达和分泌的调节作用。

Efficiency: richly contain pure fruit extract and natural activating essence, instantly soften horniness, dissolve dead cells and dirt on epidermis, combined with natural hominess decomposing enzyme, effectively promote to peel off horniness, dredge pores, improve skin permeability, constantly moisturize skin and make skin refreshing and tender for 24 hours.

功效：富含水果精华液及天然活力素，能迅速软化角质，溶角表层坏死皮细胞质和不洁物。天然角质分解酶素，有效促进角质细胞自然剥落，疏通毛孔，增强皮肤通透性，能持续滋润皮肤，令肌肤保持24小时清爽细腻。

The culture medium is composed of human keratinocyte serum free culture medium +2.5 mg/L bovine pituitary lixivium +5 μg/L epidermal growth factor+438 mg/L glutamine, glutamine can promote the growth of the keratinocyte.

采用改良的无血清培养技术进行人体角质形成细胞的培养，培养基为人角质形成细胞无血清培养基+2.5 mg/L牛垂体浸出液+5 μg/L表皮生长因子+438 mg/L谷氨酰胺，其中谷氨酰胺能促进角质形成细胞的生长。

Whole body whitening scrub: Indonesia's own production plants and trees and vegetation to ground into white powder horn with the Royal modulation secret from whitening emulsion Cuoxi body scrub, a professional therapist With further push, twist, a major contributing factor, not only after the body wash Ease of good blood, skin health but also to reproduce skin touch the baby.

全身美白去角质：印尼独产的草木植物磨成美白去角质粉配以皇室秘方调制而成美白去角质乳液搓洗全身，再配以理疗师专业的推、搓、抹，洗净后不但全身舒畅血液通顺，更让身体皮肤重现婴儿肤触。

The nuclei were clear and the cell was well-stacked. Double layer structure could be seen in part of areas, displayed as monostratal keratinocytes linked with string-like cells. Most of keratinocytes differentiated into double layers, and cells linked with others with cable-like structure. The nuclei still could be seen.

部分区域细胞出现双层结构，表现为单层的角质形成细胞上面铺有连接成条索状的细胞。3周的角质形成细胞大部分为双层结构，异层及同层细胞之间彼此衔接，呈索形结构，细胞核仍然清晰可见，细胞不如2周时饱满。4周的角质形成细胞部分区域为三层结构，且细胞较前变得萎缩，表现为细胞浆减少，细胞核变小。

Stratum granulosum: outside the Spinous layer, made up of cells further differentiated to cuticle cells, so it would lose the nucleolus and turn to the enucleated startum lucidum and horny layer after completely cornified to horny layer.

颗粒层：位于棘层之外，是进一步向角质层细胞分化的细胞，因此它起着向角质层完全角化后，便失去细胞核，而转化成无核的透明层和角质层。

Based upon the ecoanatomical method, leaf anatomical characters of eleven populations of six evergreen species (Cyclobalanopsis glauca, C. myrsinaefolia, C. gracilis, Castanopsis sclerophylla, C. eyrei and Lithocarpus glaber) from the eastern subtropical area of China were analyzed and compared with SPSS, DCA and TWINSPAN. The results are: 1. Although the leaf structures of the eleven populations still belong to the mesophyll type, they all express the trend of xerophilization. 2. There are some differences in leaf anatomical characters among populations, species and genera, which occur as the results of their adaptation to different habitats. 3. Different leaf anatomical characters have different variations among populations, species and genera, of which leaf thickness and palisade tissue thickness (considered as ecological adaptation characters) have greater variation than sponge tissue thickness, lower cuticle thickness and lower epidermis thickness (as systematical evolution characters). 4. The leaves of C. sclerophylla and C. glauca with thicker lamina, palisade tissue and cuticle (a multilayered upper epidermis in C. sclerophylla) are thought to better adapt to their dry habitat. The leaves of C. eyrei with thicker sponge tissue, although characterized by a multlayered upper epidermis, adapt to their humid and warm habitat. The leaves of C. myrsinaefolia and C. gracilis characterized by a thinner lamina, a less palisade tissue and a moderate cuticle thickness adapt to the humid and cool habitat in a middle mountain.

选取亚热带东部替代分布明显的壳斗科6种常绿树种（青冈、小叶青冈、细叶青冈、苦槠、甜槠和石栎）的11个种群叶片进行生态解剖，并用SPSS， DCA和TWINSPAN比较分析，结果表明：①尽管6种11个种群叶的结构仍属中生叶型，但有着不同程度的趋旱适应；②叶的解剖性状在属间、种间和种群间均存在着不同程度的差异，这是它们适应各自生境的结果，青冈和石栎的种内差异较大，反映出它们对环境变化有较强响应能力；③叶片的不同解剖性状在属、种类和种群间的变化并不同步，其中叶片和栅栏组织厚度等性状差异突出，反映它们更易受环境的饰变，是生态适应性状，而海绵组织、下角质膜，特别是下表皮厚度等性状差异较小，显示出这些性状的稳定性，可以认为是系统演化性状；④苦槠、青冈具有较厚的叶片、栅栏组织、角质膜和发达输导和机械组织，苦槠还具有复表皮，表现出对旱化生境的适应；甜槠尽管具有复表皮和较厚的叶片，但这是海绵组织增厚的结果，是对中生生境的适应；小叶青冈和细叶青冈具有较薄的叶片和栅栏组织、角质膜厚度居中等特点，可能是对中山凉湿生境的适应。

The exact position where pear scab parasite in leaves was pectin layer.The primary injections of V.nashicola to resistant,suspectible and non-host materials were similar,the increasing rate of subcuticular hyphae on suspectible material is far higher than resistant and non-host material,and dead hyphae appeared on resistant and non-host material,which indicated that resistance expressed after hyphae had invaded cuticular.

梨黑星菌在叶片中寄生的具体位置是果胶层。V.nashicola对抗性、易感和非寄主材料的初期侵染相似，当真菌侵入角质层之后，亚角质层菌丝在易感材料中的增长速率远远高于抗性和非寄主材料，并且在抗性和非寄主材料上出现死亡菌丝，这些都表明抗性是在真菌侵入角质层之后表达的。

The conversion of squamous epithelial cells into a keratinized, horny material, such as hair, nails, or feathers.

角质化鳞状的上皮组织转化为角质化，角质样的物质，例如毛发、指甲或羽毛

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。