角化层

Our skin every day on their own metabolism, resulting from the basal cells gradually reach the skin surface, and then become a cuticle, the skin hyperkeratosis cycle is usually around 28 days, due to the environment, season, UV, rest is not normal and other factors, sometimes cause slow metabolism, so our skin piles up thicker stratum corneum, horny excessive accumulation, it will allow a transparent discussion so that the skin does not feel a sense of, and have lost the flexibility of the original, so fixed and the appropriate exfoliation, dander can be removed, so that the skin is more translucent.

我们的肌肤每天都会自行新陈代谢，由基底层产生的细胞会慢慢的到达肌肤的表面，然后成为角质层，皮肤的角化周期通常约为28天，由于环境、季节、紫外线、作息不正常等因素，有时会使新陈代谢变得缓慢，所以我们的皮肤表面角质层越堆越厚，角质过度的堆积，就会容议让肌肤感觉没有透明感，也失去原本的弹性，所以固定且适当的去角质，可以将皮屑去除，让肌肤更晶莹剔透。

Main HPV7(9/18) positive samples\' pathology manifestations matched the characteristics for HPV7 infection,which showed papillomatosis and acanthosis,deep-stained cells including keratohyalin granules in middle size,and obvious hyperkeratosis and parakertosis.

HPV7阳性(18份)的病理象特征：(1)乳头瘤样增生和棘层肥厚；(2)内含中等大小的透明角质颗粒的细胞深染；(3)显著的角化过度和角化不全。

Fig2 Histological changes of the grafts from control group4wk after transplantation,showed retaining parakeratosis,hyperk-eratosis and acanthosis etc ×200

图2 移植后4wk对照组移植皮片组织学改变，示保留角化过度、角化不全、棘层肥厚等略

Pathological changes of the organization, mainly the epidermal cuticle significant parakeratosis, acanthosis cell layer thickening, epidermal sudden downward extension of in-depth dermis.

本型组织病理改变，主要是表皮角质层有显著角化不全，棘细胞层增厚，表皮突向下延展，深入真皮。

Fig3 Histological changes of the grafts from AK auto Ab group4wk after transplantation,showed acanthosis was reduced,parakeratosis and hyperkeratosis was disappeared ×200

图3 移植后4wk AK auto Ab注射组移植皮片组织学改变，示棘层肥厚变轻，角化过度、角化不全消失略

In the normal rats (n=5、6), CGRP-LI were mainly present in small and some medium-sized neurons and the primary afferent fibers and ter- minals in laminae Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅴ,Ⅹ and Lissauer's tract of the spinal cord; GAL- and SP-LI were mainly present in small neurons and the superficial layers of the dorsal horn. After the adjuvant injection both CGRP-and SP-LI were in- creased corresponding to the development of arthritis. On day 2, CGRP-and SP-LI were moderately increased in laminae Ⅰ,Ⅱ and the posterior commis- sure of the spinal cord and small neurons in DRG, while SP was obviously in- creased in the superficial layers and DRG. On day 14, CGRP-LI were marked- ly enhanced in the above regions with the development of polyarthritis. Some- times many strongly stained long fibers could be seen in the posteriot commis- sure.

在DRG中，CGRP主要分布于小和中等神经元之中，SP和GAL主要分布于小神经元之中；2、注入弗氏完全佐剂（含冻干结核菌0.5mg）后第2天动物（各5~6例）产生具有明显红、肿、热、痛和痛敏的急性关节炎，免疫组化实验观察到注射侧脊髓背角和DRG中CGRP-和SP-LI明显增加；在佐剂后第14天，动物患肢肿胀、痛敏和自发痛均进一步加重，部分动物健肢也出现红肿，产生多发性关节炎时，脊髓背角浅层和DRG中CGRP-和SP-LI增加更为明显，并且在灰质后联合中可见许多深染的CGRP-LI长纤维；在佐剂后第21和28天，随着佐剂性关节炎的逐渐恢复，脊髓背角和DRG中CGRP-和SP-LI也接近正常。

Results among the 128 patients, 71.9% elder than 51-years-old, the lesions of 53.9% of patients located in the exposure sites, such as face and neck. For pathologic feature, six patterns were learned, the most frequent types were hyperkeratosis arid acanthosis. The clinical diagnosis consisted with pathologic diagnosis in 89 cases.

结果 六种类型脂溢性角化病的组织象均可见到，并以棘层肥厚型和角化过度型为主。51岁以上发病者占71.9%，头、面、颈等暴光部位发病者占53.9%，临床和病理诊断特合89例，临床误诊率30.47%。

Stratum basale: the innermost layer of epidermis, it's the source to produce cells of every layer, once the epidermis is damaged, cells of this layer would proliferate and repair it without any scar, cells of this layer use about four weeks to finish the process of produced-cornified-detached .

基底层：是表皮的最里层，是表皮各层细胞的生成之源，每当表皮破损，这种细胞就会增生修复，不留任何遗痕，基层细胞从生成到经过角化脱落大约四个星期。

Stratum granulosum: outside the Spinous layer, made up of cells further differentiated to cuticle cells, so it would lose the nucleolus and turn to the enucleated startum lucidum and horny layer after completely cornified to horny layer.

颗粒层：位于棘层之外，是进一步向角质层细胞分化的细胞，因此它起着向角质层完全角化后，便失去细胞核，而转化成无核的透明层和角质层。

Results there are 22 affected patients (10 males and 12 females with approximately equal sex ratio) and the mean age of onset was 16 years old.fifteen patients had positive family history.the major symptom experienced was itching.keratotic papules were invariably present in our patients and mixed pattern with seborrheic plus flexural involvement was the commonest phenotypic variation.all of them had acral signs; 36.36% patients had oral mucosal lesions.lesions were most frequently found on face,ears and back of ears,neck.focal acantholytic dyskeratosis with corps rounds and grains were the usual histopathological findings.

结果 22例患者中有女10例，男12例，男女比例基本相当。平均发病年龄16岁。其中15例有家族遗传史。主要的症状是瘙痒。多在皮脂溢出部位和屈侧皮肤可见油腻性角化性丘疹，且全部病例肢端受累，36.36%患者口腔有皮损。最常见部位依次为面部、耳部和耳后、颈部。局限性棘层松解性角化不良及其产生的圆体和谷粒是最常见的组织病理学改变。

The reasons of iron ions content overproof in grade Ⅱ desalting water system,such as variation water quality,contamination of regenerant , operation adjustment of pretreatment system and switching operation of bed were discussed.

对二级脱盐水系统中铁离子含量超标的原因，如来水水质发生波动、再生剂受到污染、预处理系统操作调整、床体运行切换等进行了论述。

You were hired to drum up new business, so go and do it.

公司雇你招徕新业务，你就做你的事好了。