视觉器官

Factually, what Gombrich was interested in is to describe how a painter turns a 3D object to a 2D painting with the 3D illusion by means of his or her eyes, with the support from various theories of modern psychology, sociology and philosophy (e.g., the visual prevision theory of Gibson, falsificationism of Popper, iconology of Erwin Panofsky, etc.), after the research on a great number of works, artists and related classics and literature.

其实，贡布里希的兴趣是在各种现代心理学、社会学与哲学的支持下(吉布森的视觉预知理论、波普尔的证伪主义、潘诺夫斯基的图像学等等)，通过对大量作品、艺术家与相关的经典和文献的研究来仔细描述人是如何用自己的眼睛这个器官，把一件处在三维当中的物体转变成二维上的平面绘画的，而这平面上的二维又具有三维空间的错觉感。

As object lessons to explain: 1 the nature and habits of oviparous animals, the possibility of aerial flight, certain abnormalities of vision, the secular process of imbalsamation: 2 the principle of the pendulum, exemplified in bob, wheelgear and regulator, the translation in terms of human or social regulation of the various positions of clockwise moveable indicators on an unmoving dial, the exactitude of the recurrence per hour of an instant in each hour when the longer and the shorter indicator were at the same angle of inclination, videlicet , 5 5/11 minutes past each hour per hour in arithmetical progression.

297他把它们作为实物教材，用以说明：（1）卵生动物的本性与习性，空中飞行的可能性，一种异常的视觉器官，世俗界用防腐药物保存尸体的方式。（2）体现于摆锤、齿轮与整时器上的钟摆的原理；不动的针盘上那可移动的正转的长短指针在各个位置作为人或社会规范所包含的意义；长针和短针每小时在同一倾斜度相遇的那一瞬间，也就是说，按照算术级数，每小时超过5 5/11分的那一瞬间，每小时重复一次的精确性。

Reading aloud differs from silent reading in that a leamer receives only visual+stimuli when he reads silelltly while he will receive visual, auditory and oral stimuliwhen he reads aloud.

朗读与默读的主要区别在于学习者在默读时只能够接收到视觉刺激而朗读时可以接收到视觉刺激、听觉刺激和自身发音器官的刺激。

Pupilary light reflex, Physiological function of rod and cone, Photosensory transduction mechanism of rod; Sound transmission in middle ear and microphonic potential.

教学难点：瞳孔对光反射、视锥视杆细胞的生理功能、视杆细胞感光换能机制；中耳传音功能和微音器电位；视觉生理现象；前庭器官功能。。

Human visual organs discriminate different colors by the tint, brightness and intensity of color.

人们辨别颜色的视觉器官可以根据颜色的色彩、亮度和浓度把不同的颜色区分开来。

It would be superfluous to discourse on the organs of speech, which have been a thousand times dissected, and as often described by musicians or anatomists; and the several powers of which every man may perceive either by the touch or by sight, if he will attentively observe another person pronouncing the different classes of letters, or pronounce them himself distinctly before a mirror: but a short analysis of articulate sounds may be proper to introduce an examination of every separate symbol.

详细论述发音器官是多余的，这些器官已经被解剖过成千上万次，也被音乐家和解剖学者们描述过成千上万次了；而且它们的功能也是每个人都可以通过触觉或视觉认识到的，只要他认真观察别人发各组字母的音，或者自己对着镜子清晰的发这些音就可以。不过对发音的一个简短的分析还是适当的，从而引入对每一单个符号的检视。

On the other hand,when reading aloud, a language learner receives visual, auditory and oral stimuli atthe same time.

另一方面，学习者朗读时可以同时接收到视觉刺激、听觉刺激和自身发音器官的刺激。

With one accord ophthalmologists tell us that the visual organ of man was never intended for the uses to which it is now put.

眼科专家一致地告诉我们，人类的视觉器官从来没有为现在的用途而准备。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。