视网膜的

METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats, 9 weeks of age, were injected intraperitoneally with STZ to create diabetes. At 2 week after the models were created, BDNF protein was administered into the vitreous cavities of rats. At 4 week after the models were created, the rats were killed and the retina was removed for Western blotting and Whole-mount immunohistochemistry for TH to observe the changes of TH and dopaminergic amacrine cells in retina.

9周龄Wistar大鼠，链脲佐菌素（streptozotocin，STZ）腹腔注射，制成糖尿病模型，于模型建立2wk后，大鼠眼玻璃体内注射BDNF溶液，于模型建立4wk后，处死大鼠，取出眼球，取视网膜组织进行Western blotting及视网膜铺片免疫组织化学染色检测，观察视网膜中TH水平的变化，从而反映糖尿病大鼠视网膜中多巴胺能无长突细胞水平的变化。

Results:(1)Among 40 rats, 36 rats were successfully established and the rate of success is 90 percent;(2)All the successfully established models demonstrated polydipsia, polyuria and the body weight was not increased. 6 rats suffered cataract after 3 months, and 4 rats died in 6 months;(3)There was an approximately 61% loss of retinal ganglion cells in the central retina and the thickness of retina thinner under microscope ( P 0.01 ).(4) Electroscope changes include the thinner of retina, disorganization of the membranous disc of the rod cells and the thickness of basal membrane of vessal.(5)In normal group, 1 month dibetes mellitus and 1 month treatmen group, there was no expression of ERK1/ERK2 on the retina tissues. In 3 month diabetes mellitus group, the expression of ERK1/ERK2 was positive.

结果：①40只建模大鼠中36只建模成功，建模成功率为90%；②建模成功的大鼠都表现出多饮、多尿、消瘦、体重不增的表现，有6只大鼠在3个月后出现白内障，有4只大鼠在喂养接近至6个月时死亡；③HE染色光镜下6个月大鼠后极部视网膜节细胞层细胞数明显减少，减少约61%(P.01)，后极部视网膜明显变薄(P.01)；④电镜观察，视网膜变薄，视杆细胞膜盘紊乱，血管基底膜增厚等表现；⑤正常组、糖尿病组和治疗组1个月大鼠视网膜中未见ERK1/ERK2的表达，糖尿病组视网膜组织中3个月时可见少量表达，ERK1/ERK2表达部位为神经节细胞层和内核层；6个月时表达强阳性，部位表达不仅见于内核层、神经节细胞层，色素上皮层也见表达。

The results of immuhistochemistry show: compared with normal retina, more 3-NT-positive cells and iNOS-positive cells appear in inner nucleus layer of diabetic retina; less eNOS-positive cells appear in inner nucleus layer and vascular endoderm of diabetic retina; less nNOS -positive cells appear in inner nucleus layer of diabetic retina; more ET-positive cells, ETRA- positive cells, ETRB- positive cells appear in inner nucleus layer of diabetic retina; moreα- synuclein- positive cells appear in ocular cone and rod layer of diabetic retina. Conclusions 1. RFDD-PCR is an efficient technique for research diseases genomics as a mass screening to complete gene expression with the identifying of candidate gene related to disease.

免疫组织化学结果显示：13-NT和NOS：与正常视网膜相比，8周糖尿病大鼠视网膜中，INL的3-NT和iNOS免疫阳性细胞明显增多，INL和血管内皮层的eNOS阳性细胞明显减少，INL的nNOS阳性细胞也明显减少；2ET及ETR：与正常视网膜相比，8周糖尿病大鼠视网膜中，ET、ETRA、ETRB免疫阳性细胞明显增多，增多的阳性细胞主要集中于INL，而在血管内皮层增多不明显；3α-synuclein：与正常视网膜相比，8周糖尿病大鼠视网膜中，α-synuclein免疫阳性细胞明显增多，增多的阳性细胞主要集中于视网膜视锥视杆层。

If the retina has oxygenpoor severely, such as microaneurysm, little bleeding point cumulated, severe intraretinal microvascular abnormality, veinlet formed obviously, we can use PRP more times to cure diabetic retinopathy.

如果存在严重视网膜缺氧征象，即出现小动脉瘤、微小出血点积聚、严重的视网膜内微血管异常和小静脉明显形成时，可多次重复应用全视网膜光凝治疗糖尿病视网膜病变。

Results The histopathologic characteristies of the lesions induced by transscleral diode laser treatment were inner and outer nuclear layer disorganization with pigment deposits, and in some parts of choroid, coagulation and choriocapillary occlusion were seen.

与电凝术相比，冷冻术对巩膜影响甚小，但可导致术后黄斑囊样水肿，视网膜色素上皮细胞游离，破坏血-视网膜屏障，刺激增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变的发生，而后者是视网膜脱离复位术失败的主要原因[1，2 ] 。

Macular translocation to treat neovascular and exudative AMD involves translocation of the fovea to a site with intact retinal pigment epithelium and choriocapillary.

手术通常包含三个步骤：第一是玻璃体切除术，以及将液体灌入视网膜与其下色素上皮之间，使得包括视小凹在内的视网膜离。第二是经由视网膜切开术或缩短巩膜而造成视网膜移位。

Creating chorioretinal venous anastomosis potentially offers a means of permanently bypassing the site of obstruction to venous outflow, to recovery the retinal blood circulation and to reduce the retinal ischemia. It is one of the methods curing the reason of CRVO and is demonstrated effective in non-ischemic CRVO patients using laser-induced chorioretinal venous anastomosis. Patients with ischemic CRVO have more severe situations and high risk factors of later neovascular complications occuring, the surgery of via a pars plana vitrctomy combined chorioretinal venous anastomosis can be the newest attempting treatment.

其发病机理和病因目前仍未完全阐明，也没有有效的治疗措施；除常规的药物和针对新生血管并发症的视网膜光凝治疗以外，近年来开展的各种旨在重建或恢复视网膜血液循环的激光和手术治疗方法正日益成为眼科界关注的焦点；利用建立脉络膜视网膜静脉吻合途径，使被淤滞的静脉血流经由脉络膜血管流出眼外，促进或者恢复视网膜血液循环，减少视网膜缺血缺氧状态的发生，是多途径CRVO对因治疗的方法之一。

It is well known that retinal pigment epithelial cells are predominant proliferative cells in PVR which is an excessively wound healing response occurring after RPE cell wounding. The activated RPE cells migrate from their normal, sessile state to vitreous and onto both surfaces of the retina, in which they begin to dedifferentiate, migrate, proliferate, change phenotype and secrete ECM.

既往研究证明视网膜色素上皮(retinal pigmentepithelial，RPE)细胞是参与PVR的主要细胞，PVR是视网膜脱离后RPE细胞损伤的一种自我修复过程，是一种过度的眼内创伤修复反应；RPE细胞在正常位置上处于静止状态，而在某些病理条件下，如视网膜裂孔形成和视网膜脱离后，RPE细胞脱离原位，开始去分化、移行、增生、发生表型转化并分泌胶原等ECM，最终在视网膜前后表面和玻璃体内形成具有收缩能力的增生膜，造成牵拉性视网膜脱离。

Objective: To observe the influence of You Tang Ming granule, which had the functions of replenishing qi and producting jing, nourishing liver and kindneys, activating channels of eyes to improve eyesight, on retinal microvascular and retinal gangliocyte in STZ-diabetic rats.

中文题名优糖明颗粒对糖尿病视网膜病变非增殖期作用的实验研究副题名外文题名论文作者刘路宏导师廖品正教授学科专业中医眼科学研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位成都中医药大学学位授予日期2001 论文页码总数55页关键词优糖明颗粒链脲佐菌素糖尿病视网膜病变视网膜疾病馆藏号BSLW /2001 /R276 /3 目的：探讨益气生津、滋养肝肾、通络明目中药复方优糖明颗粒对6个月病程STZ糖尿病大鼠视网膜微血管及神经节细胞等的影响及其机理。

Results In all the 41 cases traumatice retinal detachment, included partial 28 cases, completely 9, dated 2 cases and completed with detachment of choroids in 2 cases, vitreous opacity and color blood steam were seen.

结果：本组41例外伤性视网膜脱离，部分性视网膜脱离28例，完全性视网膜脱离9例，陈旧性视网膜脱离2例，合并脉络膜脱离的视网膜脱离2例，所有病例均有不同程度的玻璃体混浊，其中39例网脱光带上可见彩色血流及与视网膜中央动脉及静脉相类似的血流频谱。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。