规范地

Architecture description languages and their accompanying toolsets have been proposed as the answer. The XYZ/E is an executable linear temporal logic language. It can represent both dynamic and static semantics of systems. Basing on XYZ/E, the executable linar temporal logic language, we provide an architecture description language XYZ/ADL, which can represent both high-level abstract specification and the concrete implementation, thereby provides premise for the smooth transition from specification to implementation. And it can represent both the specification and the inner structure of a component under the unified logic framework, owing to the representability of the XYZ/E.

本项目研究旨在根据XYZ系统的特性，在时序逻辑语言XYZ/E的基础上，提出一种支持在XYZ系统中设计软件体系结构的描述语言XYZ/ADL，使之不仅能够对软件体系结构进行精确的形式化描述，而且为对其进行求精、验证、演化和分析提供基础，从而能在统一的时序逻辑框架下描述组件的规范和它的内部结构，并逐步过渡到最后的算法实现，从而能够支持软件开发设计的逐步求精全过程，把原有的两种支持软件开发的方法即支持模块化程序设计的方法和支持从规范到算法实现的逐步求精的方法有机地结合起来。

This essay has three difficulties: First, difficulty of conception foundation: how to grasp conception foundation, historical background and theory origin of positive economic paradigm and normative economic paradigm from a historical and philosophical perspective? Second, difficulty of formalization system: the viewpoints of positive economists and normative economists are very jumble, this paper tries to clear up the formers' theories, sums up and synthesizes various standpoints, and make it form systematism and standardization. Third, difficulty of combination in visual angle: combining economics and philosophy, resurvey some philosophy problems in economic research from the perspective of ontology, epistemology and methodology, thereby discover new problems, and make rigor argumentation toward it.

本文的难点：1、概念基础难点：如何从一种历史的、哲学的角度准确把握实证经济范式与规范经济范式的概念基础和变更的历史背景、理论渊源。2、形式化体系难点：实证经济学家与规范经济学家的观点非常混杂，本文试图理清前人的思路，总结和综合纷繁不一的观点，并使其体系化、规范化。3、视角结合点难点：将经济学与哲学有机地结合起来，从本体论、认识论、方法论的角度重新看待经济学研究中的一些哲学问题，从而发现新问题，并对其进行严密论证。

This is a picture of Maurice Druon, the Honorary Perpetual Secretary of L'Academie francaise — the French Academy. He is splendidly attired in his 68,000-dollar uniform, befitting the role of the French Academy as legislating the correct usage in French and perpetuating the language. The French Academy has two main tasks: it compiles a dictionary of official French — they're now working on their ninth edition, which they began in 1930, and they've reached the letter P. They also legislate on correct usage, such as the proper term for what the French call "email," which ought to be "courriel." The World Wide Web, the French are told, ought to be referred to as "la toile d'araignee mondiale"— the Global Spider Web — recommendations that the French gaily ignore.

这是莫理斯图翁他是L'Academie francaise的荣誉终身院士–或称法兰西学术院他身穿价值六万八千美元的华丽院士服与他在法兰西学院的职责十分相称他的工作是负责规范法文的正确用法并确保法文永垂不朽法兰西学术院肩负两项使命：编纂官方版的法文字典–现在正在编第九版他们从1930年就开始了，现在编到字母P 这些人也规范语言的正确用法例如，法国人常说的伊媚儿"email"应该叫做电子邮件"courriel"而网际网路"World Wide Web"应该要称为"la toile d'araignee mondiale"–全球蜘蛛网种种法国人兴高采烈地忽略的建议

This thesis makes a detailed research into the Universal Serial Bus Mass Storage Class Specification and its relevant protocols, and builds up a set of protocol stack under the embedded Linux environment of the StrongARM processor development platform according to this specification, with which the hand-held device can communicate with the PC system easily.

本文详细分析了USB海量存储设备类规范(Universal Serial Bus Mass Storage Class Specification)及其相关协议，并在StrongARM处理器开发平台的嵌入式Linux环境下设计了一套基于此规范的嵌入式协议栈，使掌上设备可以很方便地通过USB与PC系统进行数据通讯。

Dr, J.J. Legrand appreciated the achievement that CAAM got in the operation criterions of aesthetic medicine technologies, criterions of discipinary terminology and so on. With the cooperation of CAAM, these files will be transalted into English, French, Spanish editions.

J.J。勒格朗对CAAM在美容医学专业技术操作规范、学科名词规范等方面所取得的成绩十分赞赏，将与CAAM合作，分期分批地把这些资料翻译为英、法、西班牙等文本。

The whole transgression emerged inmoral principles, which are common in the process of the transformation of society, and it'surgent to change the traditional value system.

人们践踏传统伦理道德，藐视社会权威，行为无所规范，欲望有所放纵，越轨成了普遍现象，以至于无法分清越轨和非越轨行为。但是，应该知道，规范和准则是历史地形成的，需要随着社会的变迁而不断调整。

They have their own Code of Conduct which was taught to them when they were very young. They will follow it unyieldingly though it is regarded as ruthless.

因为他们有自己的行为规范，这是他们自小就心知肚明的，尽管这些规范有些残酷，但他们却是宁折不弯地奉行。

The usage rule of the cultural dissimilarity language would be different, the standard norm of a kind of culture is only and can press its particular condition to take in to explain in the oneself, but can't take this as the norm to describe another culture, otherwise by all means will cause failure of across the cultural social intercourse, its deep reason lies in the sensitivity that the people lack to the social language difference, will carry on the language to use the migration unconsciously, but this kind of result sometimes would very serious, even will invite the huge economy loss.

文化不同语言的使用规则就会不同，一种文化的标准规范只能在自身中按其特定条件加以解释，而不能以此为规范来描述另一种文化，否则必然会导致跨文化交际的失败，其深层原因就在于人们缺乏对社会语言差异的敏感性，会无意识地进行语用迁移，而这种后果有时会很严重，甚至会招致巨大经济损失。

Additionally, because we are now doing more and more academic exchanges with the out world, especially, we need to publish our research papers in foreign academic periodicals, it is necessary for us to know some foreign disciplines. Otherwise, our papers will be devaluated and refused because of not correspond to their academic discipline.

另外，由于我们和外界越来越多地学术交流，特别是要将我们的研究成果介绍到国外，在国外的学术刊物上发表，我们就有必要了解国外的一些规范，否则，就可能会因为不合他们的规范而使我们的高质量研究成果被拒之门外。

From the the law-and-regulation system, the legal position and function of the tendering agency, the market admittance condition, the agent business status, the team scale and distribution, systematically and objectively dissertated the basic development situation of tendering agency for construction projects in our country. Cleared up the main problem existed in this industry by analyzing and neatening. The three outside organization problems is that, the industry management system does not obey, the law and regulations is not enough to perfect and the tenderee has wrong understanding and behavior. The five inside organization problems is that, the agency is short of independence, employee quality is uneven, the quality of agent job is dissatisfied and the internal construction of enterprise lags.

从法规体系、代理机构的法律地位及作用、市场准入条件、代理业务开展情况、从业队伍发展规模及分布状况等方面，比较系统、客观地论述了我国建设工程招标代理行业发展基本情况；通过分析和梳理，基本理清了该行业当前存在的主要问题，即：行业管理体制不顺、法规不够健全、招标人存在认识误区和不规范行为等三类机构外部环境问题，和代理机构缺乏独立性、从业人员素质参差不齐、代理工作质量差强人意、市场行为不规范、内部建设滞后等五类机构自身问题，同时还结合具体招标案例对其中部分问题进行了重点剖析。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。