规范

After giving a brief analysis of pressure hazards and accident simulation methods, the authors introduce the system of European PED - EN system for pressure equipment in order to eliminate or reduce pressure hazards by studying 97/23/EC Pressure Equipment Directive and EN13445 Unfired Pressure Vessels and describe the impacts of PED - EN system on the ASME pressure vessel codes and the...

本文在简要分析压力危险以及事故后果模拟方法的基础上，先结合97/23/EC《承压设备指令》、EN13445《非火焰接触压力容器》等规范标准，介绍以消除或降低压力危险为出发点的欧盟承压设备规范标准体系，再介绍美国应对欧盟97/23/EC《承压设备指令》的对策措施，最后提出按压力危险程度确定承压设备的范畴、以标准应满足法规要求的理念建立承压设备法规标准体系、开展承压设备基本安全要求研究、研究承压设备最新规范标准和我国应对策略、成立中国承压设备研究委员会等建议。

From our result, we can see that unphysical components of the gauge fields are contributive to the vacuum energy and it just cancel out ghost fields contribution to the vacuum energy.

从计算结果来看，规范场的物理分量和非物理分量对真空的零点能都有贡献，而规范场的非物理分量对真空能量的贡献，不仅不包含M-C-S规范场的质量项，而且恰好与鬼场的贡献相抵消。

The writer talks over how to regulate the scope and procedure of permission linking with the problems in the past administrative permission, the overseas useful model and the reform direction of the examining and approving system by the Ministry of Public Security.

结合以往治安行政许可中存在的问题、国外行政许可中的有益模式以及公安部审批制度改革的方向，从规范治安许可范围、规范治安许可程序两方面讨论如何规范治安行政许可。

Here I am thinking not so much of the probable increase in "illicit" discourses, that is, discourses of infraction that crudely named sex by way of insult or mockery of the new code of decency ; the tightening up of the rules of decorum likely did produce, as a counter effect, a valorization and intensification of indecent speech.

这里，我指的不是"犯禁"话语的可能增多，这些违禁话语粗鲁地凌辱或者嘲讽性，赋予它以新的羞耻。礼仪规范日益严厉，很可能导致相反的结果，使得不得体的话语得到了加强。我所提及的不是那些以粗俗为名的、被侮辱与被新礼仪规范所嘲笑的"违禁"的性话语的可能、甚至增多。礼仪规范的日益严厉，很可能导致相反的结果——不得体话语的稳定与增强。

The thesis researches on Friedrich V. Kratochwil's Norm-oriented Constructivism. By systemically and comprehensively dissertating the essential thoughts of the Norm-oriented Constructivism as well as comparing with the thoughts of Onuf's Rule-oriented Constructivism and Wendt's Constructivism, the thesis illuminates the originality, features and significance of the theory. Furthermore, the scope of the theory and the significance of case study can be analyzed.Norm-oriented Constructivism takes norms as the ontology.

本文的研究对象是克拉托赫维尔的规范建构主义理论，通过系统、全面地论述规范建构主义的基本思想并将其理论在建构主义阵营内部与奥鲁夫的规则建构主义和温特建构主义进行比较，指出其理论的创见、特色和意义，继而探讨了规范建构主义理论的适用范围和进行案例研究的意义。

In addition, emphasize the representation of such natures as independence and adscription in the structure of Business trust.

第四章：商业信托中信托财产地位的确认与投资人利益保护，因投资者利益的保护是商业信托规范的重点，然所有的规范也必须建筑于商业信托所固有的原理与特征之上，因此为保证本文的研究宗旨贯穿始终，从信托财产地位的确认这一角度，探讨法律制度对于投资人保护的规范。

These norms are slightly lower than Robinson's 1938 data on males; they are only 1.5% lower compared with Astrand's about males norms; but 2.5 to 10% lower than Astrand's norms for adult females.

这个规范与1938年Robinson所提出男性的数据仅有微小的差异，相较Astrand所提出的男性规范也只有低於1.5%；但却比其成年女性的规范低2.5~10%。

Based on the analysis of the sociological theories in thewestern countries,this chapter arrives at the conclusionthat the opposition as shown in social interests is thesocial interests is conflict determines the chane in thepenalty-crime relationship,that the conflict of interests inby nature the conflict of regulations and rules,and that thesocial function of the penalty-crime relationship is theassimilation of regulations and rules.

通过对当代西方社会学理论的分析，阐述了社会利益的对立在刑事法律上的表现就是刑罪关系，利益冲突性质的变化决定刑罪关系的变化；利益冲突在法律上表现为规范冲突，刑罪关系的社会功能是同化规范；刑罪关系通过对规范原则多元化的整合，实现刑法的工具性和功利性。

Confronted with the new course reform, the teacher is not to turn his role into other roles, but to determine anew in accordance with the requirements of new course his own professional connotations, which are expressed in the following "5-er/or＇ s": The teacher is a service performer of the students, which is the essential characteristic of the role, showing the nature and the working attitude of the teacher; he is a promoter of the students＇study, which is the kernel characteristic of the role, normalizing his teaching behavior; he is a cooperator of teaching and study, which is the basic characteristic of the role, normalizing the equal relation between the teacher and students as well as between teaching and study ; he is a constructer of the new course and a teaching - study researcher, which are the significant characteristics of the role, normalizing his specialty research and advanced learning and improvement.

面对新课程改革，教师不是把自己的角色转变为其他角色，而是根据新课程的要求重新确定自己的职业内涵：教师是学生的服务者，这是教师角色的本质特征，表明教师的性质和工作态度；是学生学习的促进者，这是教师角色的核心特征，规范教师的教学行为；是教与学的合作者，这是教师角色的基本特征，规范师生平等的教学关系；是新课程的建设者和教学研究者，这是教师角色的重要特征，规范教师的专业研究与进修提高。

Have do not show pattern at traditional media advertisement, article of conduct propaganda of a lot of websites does not indicate oneself are advertisement, but actually its still suffer " advertisement law "," consumer rights and interests protects a law "," product quality standard "," consumer rights and interests protects a law " and " oppose unfair competition law " the standard that waits for law, and the law related the basis, if,this kind is publicized crackbrained, non-standard, besides the baleful hype that can make the suit that sends customer, competitor, still can be in charge of probably by relevant administration mechanism undertakes condemnatory, accordingly, the enterprise should publicize action on the net according to standard him standard, when necessary, can serve an orgnaization to undertake advisory to professional law.

有别于传统媒体广告显示方式，很多网站宣传文章并不标明自己是广告，但实际上其仍受《广告法》、《消费者权益保护法》、《产品质量法》、《消费者权益保护法》和《反不正当竞争法》等法律的规范，而根据相关的法律，此类宣传如果不谨慎、不规范，除了会引致消费者的诉讼、竞争对手的恶意炒作外，很可能还会被相关的行政主管机关进行处罚，因此，企业应依法规范自己的网上宣传行为，必要时，可以向专业的法律服务机构进行咨询。【以下内容为IT者网站提供英文翻译，未经授权请勿转载

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。