规模

Decision rule chain and distance function of decision rule are proposed, by which the order of decision rules are explained. The group scale's effect on decision quality and the marginal contribution of decision-makers are analyzed. It's pointed out that the increase of the scale will enhance the decision quality with the optimal decision rule applied. Otherwise it is likely to weaken the decision quality. It's proved that for homogeneous group with simple majority rule applied the marginal contribution of decision-maker will decrease while the scale increases or the decisional competencies of other decision-makers increase; 3.We study the group decision-making with a leader in it. It's proved that the existence of the leader impairs the decision quality when the group applies the optimal decision rule.

研究了决策者的决策能力不确定情况下的群体决策，给出了最优决策规则，指出其仍然是广义加权多数规则；提出了决策规则链和决策规则距离函数的概念，利用这些概念解释了群体决策规则的序现象；分析了群体规模对决策质量的影响、决策者决策能力的边际贡献，指出当群体应用最优规则时，群体规模的增大会提高决策质量，否则群体规模的增大可能会削弱决策质量；证明了对于应用简单多数规则的同质群体，随着其规模的增大，决策者决策能力对决策质量的边际贡献会减小；随着其他决策者决策能力的提高，决策者决策能力对决策质量的边际贡献也会减小； 3。

Over-large of the university will lead to reduce the education benefit, turning out to be diseconomy.In order to make the construction in complex university have more ample basis and standard, this paper makes deep correlation and tradeoff studies into the present scale of twenty-one complex universities that is under the direct control of the Ministry of Education in our country. Containing other endemism complex universities' data, reach into the reasonable scale of the complex university' s campus including the enrollment scale, the campus land scale, the campus building scale, each student' s index(contain each student' s campus building scale、 classroom acreages library acreage etc.) with thorough rational analysis and data study.

为了使今后综合性大学的规模建设与发展具有更为科学的参考和遵照，本文对我国部属21所综合性大学的现状规模进行了深入详尽地比较分析和相关性研究，同时参考其他地方性综合性大学的主要规模数据，结合92指标、96指标及2004普通高等学校基本办学条件指标，对学生人数规模、校园用地与建设面积规模、生均规模(包括生均校舍建筑面积、生均教室面积、生均图书馆面积、生均实验室实习场所面积、生均体育馆面积、生均会堂面积、生均行政用房面积、生均学生宿舍、生均学生食堂)进行实际数据的比较分析。

6 Scale Harley Davidson Engine and 1/8 Scale Harley Davidson complete motorcycle —This page includes the making of a running 1/6 scale 1948 Harley "Knucklehead" engine as well as work in progress on a 1/8 scale version that will eventually include the entire motorcycle.

/ 6规模哈雷戴维森发动机和1 / 8规模哈雷戴维森完整的摩托车在此页，包括决策的运行1 / 6的规模， 1948年哈雷" knucklehead "发动机，以及工作的进展， 1 1 / 8规模的版本，将最终包括整个摩托车。

In view of the general relationship between corporate income tax burden and scale of enterprises, in a rectangular coordinate system, suppose that ordinate axis stands for tax burden and abscissa axis stands for scale of enterprises, then the curve of tax burden of three cities' enterprises is like a flat S. that's to say, tax burden of the smallest enterprises is relatively high, that of enterprises scaled from 5 million to 10 million yuan is the lowest, and then tax burden increases with the scale going up. The trend continues until the scale of enterprises is beyond 100 million yuan and the top point appears. When the scale of enterprises expands to 800 million yuan, the tax burden starts to turn down and is lower than that when the scale of enterprises is beyond 100 million yuan.

就企业所得税负担与企业规模的一般关系看，如果以直角坐标系的纵轴表示税负，横轴表示企业规模，那么随着企业规模的变大，三城市企业的税负曲线呈一个平躺着的S形状，即规模最小的企业税负较高，500到1，000万元企业的税负率最低，然后企业的税负率开始随规模的增加而提高，这种趋势一直延续到企业规模超过1亿元时达到最高点，待企业规模继续扩张到8亿元左右时，税负开始回落，并将低于原先超过1亿元时的水平。

Subsequently, the optimized technology was successfully scaled up to 〓 pilot bioreactor scale by using the parameter simulation method. The scale-down strategy was applied to the 100〓 fermentation tank to ascertain that the determining factor which affects metabolic flux distribution reasonably had changed to the dissolved oxygen control. After resolution of the DO limitation, the optimized technology inhibited the shift on 100〓 production scale correspondingly, notable commercial returns was gained as a result.

随后基于过程参数拟合的方法成功地将抑制代谢流迁移的新工艺放大到12〓规模，并通过规模缩小证实了100 〓生产规模的发酵过程中限制代谢流合理分配的限制性因素已经发生了变化，此时DO的控制成为优化的前提，通过改善供氧条件之后优化的工艺在生产规模也成功的克服了代谢流的迁移，取得了显著的经济效益。

The iron and steel industry has the very strong economies of scale characteristic, however the scale of our Iron and steel enterprise is generally small, the majority has not achieved the economies of scale, large-scale and the extra large type Iron and steel enterprise relative smalls does not have the remarkable efficiency superiority, our country iron and steel industry does not have the remarkable economies of scale characteristic obviously.

钢铁工业是具有很强规模经济特征的行业，然而我国钢铁企业规模却普遍较小，大多数并未达到规模经济，大型和特大型的钢铁企业相对中小钢铁企业不存在显著的效率优势，可见我国钢铁工业并不存在显著的规模经济特征。

This paper analyses the characteristics of urban system in Anhui Province. It is found that this region exhibits a city-size distribution following the rank-size rule. The urban primacy index is low, the scale effect is inevident, the urban scale is small in whole, the development of metropolis and big cites is not enough, medium-sized cities is prominent and the spatial distribution of cities is not equal.

运用统计数据，在深入分析的基础上，发现安徽省现状城市体系的等级规模结构呈位序—规模分布；城市首位度偏低，规模效应不明显；城市规模总体偏小，特大城市和大城市发育不足，中等城市突出；城市规模空间分布不均衡，区域分异明显。

It is found that this region exhibits a city-size distribution following the rank-size rule. The urban primacy index is low, the scale effect is inevident, the urban scale is small in whole, the development of metropolis and big cites is not enough, medium-sized cities is prominent and the spatial distribution of cities is not equal.

运用统计数据，在深入分析的基础上，发现安徽省现状城市体系的等级规模结构呈位序－规模分布；城市首位度偏低，规模效应不明显；城市规模总体偏小，特大城市和大城市发育不足，中等城市突出；城市规模空间分布不均衡，区域分异明显。

If local government can control the urban constructing land, then per capita constructing land has the sole equilibrium value under the Tiebout's condition. And urbanization's level has obviously positive relationship with per capita land resource in the whole urban area . And per capita constructing land has negative relationship with urbanization's level, but positive with per capita non-agricultural productivity, and with the per capita land resource increasing, the city size will be appearing the U-shape's change.

二是若政府对城市人均建设用地规模进行控制，则在Tiebout条件下，城市化水平与人均土地指标禀赋呈正相关性，且人均建设用地规模存在唯一的均衡值；人均建设用地规模与城市化率之间呈负相关性，而与人均非农产值之间却存在显著的正相关性，且随着人均建设用地规模的增加，城市规模会出现先降后升的&U型&变化趋势。

Besides, the researchers also indicate that under different market structure, the property and degree of scale economy is different.

本研究结合市场经济与规模经济从理论及实证两个方面进行分析，其研究结果显示，在完全竞争的市场结构中，规模经济是不确定的，而在不完全竞争的市场结构中，不仅存在规模经济，而且企业存在最小最佳规模，达不到有效规模的企业在竞争中处於不利地位。

The basic concept of FOP can be summarized as to further optimize effective prescription according to the standard of curative effects and with the aid of modern science and technology and theories of traditional Chinese medicine.

其基本内涵可概括为：以确有疗效的中药复方为研究对象，以现代科学技术和传统中医药理论为技术支持，以该复方所治病证的药效响应为评价标准，以优化重组疗效更优的新复方为研究目的。

Ever since our world has been a world, native forests have been indiscriminately exploited by man.

自从我们的世界一直是世界原生森林被任意剥削人。