规划

In first part it pays attention to theory study. Afterwards, based on linear programming, we introduce some properties of conic optimization and its dual problem, which are a kind of especial convex programming. In second part, we apply these theories to practice, such as least-squares problems, polynomial solution and approximating covariance matrices, and other aspects .

第一部分是理论研究：在线性规划的基础上重点介绍了一种特殊的凸规划类型——锥规划及其对偶锥规划，并介绍了锥规划及其对偶锥规划的发展及其性质。

On this basis, according to historical data, apply ANN and differential simulation method to get the quantitatively correlative relations between each production and its own influence factors, and introduce the new methods of prediction for dynamic indexes with gas-field development (The combinatorial prediction method based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, the method of ANN to select optimally combinatorial prediction models and the ANN prediction method based on genetic algorithm).(2) Base on mathematical programming, combine with quantitative economics and techno-economics, introduce economical indexes to establish production"s distribution optimal model, production"s constitution optimal model and measured production"s constitution optimal model, including multi-objective models and five-years models. Upon this, the optimal project for all gas field and each gas-collected factory can be got. Also, introduce the time value of capitals to improve on these models.(3) Base on the optimal solution theory and algorithm theory for the nonlinear programming problem, introduce the SUMT algorithm and genetic algorithm to study how to solve the models, and on the basis of normal genetic algorithm, make use of auto-adaptively modulating method to improve on normal genetic algorithm; Base on algorithm"s convergence theory and calculation"s complexity theory to analyze seriatim SUMT algorithm"s convergence and genetic algorithms convergence, and compare performance with each other.

在此基础上，利用神经网络方法和微分模拟方法根据历史数据得到各分项产量与其影响因素之间的定量关联关系，并引入气田开发动态指标新的预测方法(基于模糊综合评判的组合预测方法、神经网络优选组合预测模型预测方法以及基于遗传优化的神经网络预测方法)；(2)以数学规划为基础，结合数量经济学和技术经济学，引入经济指标建立产量分配优化模型、产量构成优化模型、措施产量构成优化模型、气田开发多目标规划模型以及五年规划模型，进而获得全气田及各采气厂的最优方案，并引入资金时间价值对五年规划模型进行改进；(3)以非线性规划问题的最优解及算法理论为基础，引入SUMT算法以及遗传算法对模型的求解进行研究，并在原有的遗传算法基础上，引入自适应调整方法对遗传算法进行改进；以算法的收敛性理论和计算复杂性理论为基础，逐一分析SUMT算法以及遗传算法的收敛性，并比较三种算法的优劣性。

Basing on background of urban transportation planning, the thesis presents a STDM of urban transportation and gives a special emphasis to spatiotemporal representation of point feature, line feature and area feature of transportation planning basic information, treatment of disaggregate travel data, and management of planning project.

本论文以城市交通规划为背景，对城市交通规划时空数据模型的设计方法进行了讨论，提出了一个城市交通规划时空数据模型。论文着重对交通规划基础信息面状要素、线状要素、点状要素时空表达，分解出行数据的时空表达，以及规划方案信息的管理进行了研究。

Based on the general dynamic programming, in the grey dynamic programming model combined with the grey theory, the runoff is described by the interval grey numbers. The model is combined by the advantages of determinant/stochastic dynamic programming methods, it will be a new idea for the reservoir operation.

利用区间灰数描述径流，在普通动态规划的基础上融合了灰理论的灰色动态规划模型，综合了确定型动态规划方法和随机型动态规划方法的优点，为水库调度的动态规划应用研究提供了新的思路。

Thereout, we put forward the imagination of the small town, and combine the generalized control and guidance with the small town planning design in practice.

由此，论文结合重庆地区小城镇规划研究提出了关于规划控制与引导方法的初步设想，希望实现广义的规划控制与引导与具体的小城镇规划设计在实践上的结合，从综合发展的角度提出的规划思路。

The paper mainly concerns about:(1)Proposing the idea of completing the job using GIS software by discussing deficiency of the traditional transportation job;(2)Discussing the transportation plan algorithm and the flow, in this foundation, designing the transportation model programming realization flow chart;(3)With the comparison of the domestic and foreign GIS software platform, determining ArcGIS Desktop which has large drawing edit and spatial analyse functions as the development platform of transportation planning;(4)In the data organization and the database establishment, by using the recent object-oriented spatial data— Geodatabase and UML, completing the system database design and establishment, including spatial database, attribute database as well as transportation network database

详细研究内容如下：(1)论述了传统交通规划软件存在问题，提出了利用GIS平台开发交通规划系统的基本思想；(2)论述了交通规划的算法和流程，在此基础上，设计了交通模型编程实现的流程图；(3)通过比较国内外GIS软件平台，选定了具有强大图形编辑和空间分析功能的ArcGIS桌面版为交通规划系统的开发平台；(4)在数据的组织和数据库的建立上使用新的面向对象的空间数据—Geodatabase，并利用统一建模语言UML完成了系统数据库的设计与建立，包括空间数据库，属性数据库以及交通网络数据库；(5)论述了系统编程实现的基本方法，在ArcMap下采用VBA编程方法自由地定制了系统界面；(6)利用ADO Data和数据网格控件存取交通规划系统预测功能所需的数据库；(7)采用VB对ArcObject控件扩展开发方式，实现系统功能的开发，即利用COM技术的扩展性在VB中创建ActiveX动态链接库来实现特定的系统功能，并集成在ArcMap中运行；(8)系统完成了交通发生预测、交通分布、缓冲区分析、道路的网络分析、公交

Distribution network planning work complexity manifests dominatingly on large-scales, multi-factors of uncertainty and inaccuracy, involving wide domains and so on. Only depending upon planning-workers' planning experience, it is unable to be satisfied for the requirement of modern DNP.

配电网规划工作的复杂性突出表现在具有规模大、不确定、不精细、因素多和涉及领域广的特点，仅仅依靠规划工作者的规划经验进行配电网规划已经远远不能满足现代配电网规划的要求。

ABSTRACT Distribution network planning work complexity manifests dominatingly on large-scales, multi-factors of uncertainty and inaccuracy, involving wide domains and so on. Only depending upon planning-workers'planning experience, it is unable to be satisfied for the requirement of modern DNP.

配电网规划工作的复杂性突出表现在具有规模大、不确定、不精细、因素多和涉及领域广的特点，仅仅依靠规划工作者的规划经验进行配电网规划已经远远不能满足现代配电网规划的要求。

Firstly, an empirical approximation model of stochastic programming is obtained by replacing the probability measure of original program with empirical probability measure. Sequentially, the constrained stochastic programming is transformed into an equivalent unconstrained stochastic programming. Finally, using the epi-convergence theory, the almost everywhere upper semiconvergence of optimal solution set of empirical approximations for stochastic programming is obtained.

首先通过经验概率测度替代初始规划的概率测度得到随机规划的经验逼近模型，然后将带有约束的随机规划问题转化成与其等价的无约束的随机规划问题，最后利用上图收敛性理论，给出了随机规划经验逼近最优解集的几乎处处上半收敛性。

Then current status of considering ecoenvironmental water demand in planning and related planning is presented in details. Based on that the importance and urgence of introducing eco-environmental water demand in eco-environmental construction planning are as follows.(1) Collocating enough eco-environmental water demand is the key to eco-environmental construction planning;(2)introducing eco-environmental water demand presents new ideas and measures for water resource management, which promotes planning;(3) sound eco-environmental water demand is the subject of eco-environmental construction planning;(4) the objects of planning, on the contrary, improve the research of eco-environmental water demand.

接着对现在的生态环境需水在生态环境建设规划及相关规划中的应用情况作了详细介绍，在前面的基础上提出在生态环境建设规划中引人生态环境需水的重要性和紧迫性：(1)配置足够的生态环境需水是生态环境建设顺利进行的关键所在；(2)引入生态环境需水为水资源管理提供新思想、新途径，促进生态环境建设规划的实施；(3)合理的生态环境需水是生态环境建设规划的实现目标；(4)生态环境建设设定目标反过来又促进生态环境需水的研究。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。