观测误差

Characteristics of ionic clusters M 〓/M 〓 M=alkali metal cations, alkaline-earth metal cations

将HC〓N的转动常数B〓的理论计算值与实际观测值进行比较，其相对标准误差仅0.6％。

The error analysis with the same intersection angle of crafts and different cloud height were also done.

关键 词：气象学；立体观测；云顶高度；误差分析

Know the error transmiting law clearly, as well as the effect of static migration to inversion result and the MT observation frequency distribution interval reasonability problem.

论文研究了实测资料中的误差对反演解释结果的影响，明确了误差传递规律，以及静态效应对反演解释结果的影响规律，论文探讨了MT观测频率分布间隔的合理性问题。

First of all, according to the length of Hole and equipment configuration to specifications through bad error limit based on the design of the tunnel control point measurement, the number of target and observational accuracy requirements, and plans to link up on the design and error estimation.

首先根据洞子长度和仪器配置情况，以规范要求的贯通误差限差为依据，设计隧道控制测量的点位、数量、精度指标和观测要求，并且要进行图上设计和贯通误差估算。

In this paper,two methods,one singular perturbation and the other directly numerical solution,are used to find the solution of the stiff string of 3lst key and 59th key for a piano tone partials,with the results compared with Ray- leigh and Seeback's by regular persvrcation method and with those from dire- ct obseruation.

本文应用文献[1]结果进一步求出了59号弦的泛音频率，所得结果与实验观测值对比，其绝对误差的均方根和相对误差的均方根都远较Rayleigh-Seeback用正则摄动法算得的小。

The system error at the type of figure is analyzed and inspection mean of the error system is studied.

最后修改观测数据的模型，结合此模型研究系统误差和随机误差的评定指标。

GPS surveying based on GPS reference station network can improve the reliability and veracity, eliminate and weaken the infection of atmosphere error and orbit error which is relative to time and space in the observation of GPS surveying, which makes the rapid static pointing and RTK dynamic pointing of medium and long distance into reality, and has virtues of acquirable WGS84 coordinate directly.

采用基于GPS基准网的GPS测量可以提高GPS测量的可靠性和准确性，可以消除和减小GPS测量观测值中与时间和空间相关的大气误差和轨道误差的影响，使中、长距离快速静态定位和RTK动态定位成为现实，还具有可直接得到WGS84Z坐标等优点。

This study thoroughly inspects reciprocal method and leap-frog method of EDM trigonometric leveling along with relationship between EDM height, ellipsoid height, and orthometric height. An experimental area with 200m, 400m and 600m span intervals were set up with vertical angle error ±1.5〞and EDM error ±（2mm+2×10-6×Smm）.

本研究规划实验区实地针对200m、400m、600m三种测段长，采用之全测站仪之垂直角中误差为±1.5〞，测距中误差为±（2mm+2×10-6×Smm），进行EDM三角高程测量，并对测量方法及观测成果精度进行分析，实际探讨短距离EDM三角高程代替水准测量的可能性。

By the modem time series analysis method, based on the ARMA innovation model, under the linear minimum variance optimal information fusion criterion, three distributed fusion steady-state optimal Kalman filters, predictors and smoothers weighted by matrices, scalars, and diagonal matrices are presented for multisensor systems with correlated input and observation noises, and with correlated observation noises. The Lyapunov equations and formulas of computing local filtering, predicting and smoothing error variances and covariances are given, which are applied to compute optimal weights. The corresponding three distributed fusion Wiener state estimators are also presented.

应用现代时间序列分析方法，基于自回归滑动平均新息模型，在线性最小方差最优信息融合准则下，对于带相关输入噪声和观测噪声和带相关的观测噪声的多传感器系统，提出了按矩阵加权、按标量加权和按对角阵加权的三种分布式融合稳态Kalman滤波器、预报器和平滑器，其中提出了局部滤波、预报和平滑估值误差方差阵和协方差阵的Lyapunov方程和计算公式，它们被用于计算最优加权，也提出了相应的三种分布式融合Wiener状念估值器。

The results show that the simulated track of Bilis has about 39% and 16% improvement averaged during the 72 h forecasts after the assimilation of dropsonde and QuikSCAT data, respectively. The simulation of radar reflectivity is also improved. Similarly, the simulated track of Kaemi is improved by 26% and 21% by assimilating dropsonde and QuikSCAT data, respectively. However, the data assimilation appears to have no improvement in terms of radar reflectivity simulation for the Kaemi case.

结果显示，碧利斯台风在加入投落送资料与QuikSCAT资料后，对模拟6至72小时的平均路径误差除分别有52 km及16 km的改进外，对雷达回波强度之模拟也有所改善，而凯米台风在加入上述两种资料后，对模拟路径误差之整体改进则分别达到71 km及42 km；6月中旬梅雨锋面个案同化该两种资料后之雷达回波模拟强度也有所改善，而与观测较为接近。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。