观测的

This method only uses the angles between the stars and the center of Martian moons, Phobos or Deimos, which are got from an image of such objects taken by a star camera.

提出了一种基于纯天文观测的火星车自主天文导航新方法。

From the sea ice motion data extracted from the MODIS and AVHRR images, it is found that the sea ice motion in the Bohai Sea is effected not only by prevailing winds but also by topographic steering, ocean currents and internal ice stresses. The extracted sea ice drift is similar to observed ice drift, and can clearly show the sea ice drift in the Marginal Ice Zone especially. It can compensate for the limitation of the local or single station observation.

利用MODIS和NOAA/AVHRR资料获取的渤海冰速资料的综合分析显示：渤海海冰运动，除受盛行风控制外，还受到复杂的海岸地形、流和冰内应力的共同作用，所得到的大范围海冰运动规律和多年历史观测资料分析结果基本一致，并清楚地显示了冰边缘带海冰运动的特征，弥补了局地、单站海冰观测的局限性。

According to the results of global ozone observation that, in addition to the equator ...

根据全球总臭氧观测的结果表明，除赤道。。。

The fast-detection technique for fault-gas Carbon Dioxide (CO 2) running o ut of active fault zones, the selecting and building of observational sites as w ell as the observational situation for fault-gas CO 2 in western Sichuan are introduce d in this parer.

介绍了快速测定活动断层带CO2 气体的方法、川西地区断层气CO2 观测点的选建以及观测的情况。初步的观测结果显示，在 1999年四川绵竹两次 5 0级地震、 2 0 0 1年四川雅江 5 0级和 6 0级地震和 2 0 0 1年云南永胜 6 0级地震前，部分观测点的断层气CO2 均有很好的短期前兆异常显示。

Some people introduce subphotosphere magnetic charges or dipole, which can fit magnetic field on the photosphere, then the separatrix and separator above and on the photosphere can be located, the comparison between their location and location of flare ribbon support the idea of magnetic reconnection. It is called Source Method. Some people extrapolate magnetic fields of photosphere to corona by some method, then use QSLs method to investigate the relations between flare ribbons and magnetic field topology. Some people study relations between flare ribbons and singular point on the plane above photosphere. Some people investigate magnetic topology by analyzing magnetic field of photosphere directly.

或者以观测的光球磁场为基础，来构造光球下的磁荷或磁偶极等光球下磁源，进而研究光球上的磁拓扑结构与耀斑的关系；或者利用各种外推方法将光球磁场进行外推，然后用准分隔层的方法来研究磁拓扑结构与耀斑的关系；或者利用势场模型外推光球磁场，然后研究光球之上平行于光球的某一平面的两维奇点与耀斑的关系；或者直接利用观测的光球矢量场来研究磁场拓扑。

It revealed: Firstly, the plant community, the major environmental factors illumination degrees, surface temperature, air temperature, day air humidity changes curve and changes in point of curve similar; Secondly, measuring three points mixed lawn-Chinese littleleaf box-Guohuai plant community in the three observation of the ecological effects of the plant community most obviously, its sunshade rates, the average surface temperature 0 cm Service rates, the average surface temperature -5.0 cm Service rates, the average temperature cooling rate, the average humidification effect respectively 36.3%, 34.7%, 18.9%, 6.9%, 13.9%; wood forest plant community occasions, mixed lawn-Chinese littleleaf box plant community smallest.

以校园为例进行实地观测，比较详尽地分析了生物种群组成的多样性对园林生态系统的影响，结果表明：①植物群落内的主要环境因子光照度、地表温度、空气温度、空气湿度的日变化曲线与对照点日变化曲线相似；②3种测点中混合草坪－黄杨－国槐植物群落在3种观测的植物群落中生态效应最明显，它的遮光率、地表0 cm处平均降温率、地表－5.0 cm处平均降温率、气温平均降温率、平均增湿效应分别为36.3%，34.7%，18.9%，6.9%，13.9%；桐树林植物群落次之，混合草坪－黄杨植物群落最小。

Our theory predicts the minimum value of ponderomotive parameter and the corresponding critical laser intensity, below which no diffraction can occur; 6, We studied the energy transfer of a two-level atom moving in a cavity field, as well as its influence on the atomic emission spectra and on the photon distribution of the intro-cavity field.

我们用两对激光模来模拟紧聚焦的高斯光场，成功地得到了《Nautre》上Batleaan等人的实验观测结果，预言了有待实验进一步观测的新现象，并确立了发生电子衍射的激光场的临界强度； 6，研究了原子在激光场中运动时光场与原子之间的能量交换，以及这种能量在光谱上的反映和对激光场统计性质的影响。

According to the energy conservation theory, BOM and CSIM4 were coupled. The BOM has no treatment on transmission solar radiation, which is of great importance when the model is adapted to Arctic Ocean. So the treatment was introduced to BOM. Through numerical test on different lead albedos, it was found that sea ice thickness is not so sensitive to lead albedo, which may be contribute to the lead occupies little ratio within multiyear sea ice pack. The reason of summer over-melt of arctic sea ice is the NCEP reanalysis downward solar radiation being larger than its reality. Then the arctic sea ice climate variability was simulated. Results showed that: simulated ice thickness change is in accord with the submarine investigated mean sea-ice draft changes. Simulated annually maximum ice thickness along the Eurasian continental oceans are closely related to the observed ones. The long-term mean simulated ice motion has the same features of the SSM/I derived ice motion. Sea ice extents in differential sub-regions have same trends comparing to the satellite passive-microwave data derived ones. Simulated ice concentration is closely related to the observed in the Arctic sub-regions. Sea ice flux through the Fram Strait involves ice concentration, motion and thickness. It is a composite criterion for sea ice model evaluation. The simulated ice area and volume export through the strait accord with the satellite derived or statistically reconstructed ones.(5) The simulated ice thickness climate variability and mean sea surface current of the coupled model were analyzed, results showed: the total ice volume in the Arctic Ocean has a significant decreasing trend. The volume variability is of a 10-year timescale oscillation, with two major periods of 12-13a and 18-20a. Mean ice thickness in the arctic sub-seas has different tendencies. It has an increasing trend in the Barents-Kara Sea and Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea, and decreasing in the others. The characteristic time scale of 7-10a wherein the river discharges leads the Fram Strait ice volume export is about the period that river water takes to be conveyed across the Arctic Ocean.(6) Using the simulated ice distribution in the Arctic Ocean and China precipitation, air temperature and SST in tropical key regions, the climate teleconnection were studied. Result showed: When the mean sea ice thickness is large in the central Arctic Ocean and Chukchi-Beaufort Sea , and small in the Barents-Kara Sea and Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea , the precipitation in South China, Tibetan Plateau, and the north part of Northeastern China are always smaller than normal, and v. v. When the mean ice thickness is small in CA, BC, East Siberian Sea and Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian Sea , and large in BL, The air temperature in north-eastern China, the southern of Tibetan Plateau, and Hainan Island, are always lower than normal, and v. v. In addition, when the sea ice is thick in BC and BL, the SST is larger in the middle and eastern Pacific Ocean, and is smaller in the tropical Southeastern Indian Ocean.

由于BOM没有考虑透射太阳辐射的物理过程，研究表明透射太阳辐射对北冰洋的能量收支起到重要作用，因此在BOM模式中引入了对透射太阳辐射的处理；通过对不同水道反照率的数值试验表明海冰厚度对水道反照率的敏感性不强，可能与海冰区水道面积占的比率很小有关；而模式模拟的北极海冰夏季&过度融化&主要源于NCEP再分析资料提供了偏大的太阳短波辐射；对北极海冰的气候变率进行了模拟研究，结果表明：模拟的海冰厚度变化与潜艇探测的海冰吃深度变化具有一致性；模拟和观测的亚欧大陆沿海的年内最大海冰厚度有很好的相关；模拟的海冰移速与长期平均的卫星反演的海冰移速具有相同的速度分布特征；模拟的各个海区海冰面积的变化趋势与卫星反演资料分析的结果基本一致；模拟与观测的主要海洋分区的海冰密集度具有很好的相关：弗瑞姆海峡的海冰体积和面积的输送涉及到海冰密集度、厚度和移动速度，是判断模式模拟能力的一个综合的指标，模式模拟的结果与卫星反演或重建的面积输送、体积输送具有很好的一致性；(5)分析了模拟的北极海冰厚度的气候变率及气候平均表层海流场，结果表明：北极海冰的总体积有显著减少的趋势，北极海冰总体积的变化具有10a际尺度振荡的特点，存在18-20a和12-13a两个主周期；北极海冰的平均厚度在各个海区的变化趋势不同，在巴伦支—喀拉海和巴芬湾—拉布拉多海地区海冰厚度有显著的增加趋势，而其它海区存在减少的趋势；通过对模拟的气候平均表层海流的分析表明，北极河流流量超前弗瑞姆海峡海冰流量7-10年的特征时间尺度与表层海流的气候分布存在着必然联系：(6)利用模拟结果以及中国降水、气温和热带关键区SST资料，讨论了北极各海区海冰平均厚度与中国降水、气温以及热带关键区SST的关系，结果表明：在北极中心海区和楚科奇—波弗特海海冰厚度偏大，在巴伦支—喀拉海以及巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏小，则中国降水在华南地区、青藏高原和东北北部降水偏少，反之相反；在北极中心海区、东西伯利亚海、楚科奇—波弗特海以及格陵兰海海冰厚度偏小，在巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏大，则在中国东北地区、高原南部地区和海南岛附近气温偏低，反之相反；另外，北极楚科奇—波弗特海和巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏大时，在热带中东太平洋海温偏高，而在热带东南印度洋海温偏低。

On Wednesday, 2009 July 22, an exceptionally long total eclipse of the Sun is visible from within a narrow corridor that traverses the Eastern Hemisphere.

在2009年7月22日，周三，一次特殊的持续时间较长的日全食，日食带横跨整个东半球处于，处于这条狭窄的观测走廊里的群众是可以直接观测的。

Newton 's own motives do not alterthe fact that astronomical observations of which he made considerable use, were a product of Flamsteed's work in the Greenwich Observatory, which was constructed at the command of Charles II for the benefit of the Royal Navy.

牛顿个人的动机并没有改变这样的一种事实，即牛顿大量应用了的天文观测，是英国天文学家弗拉姆斯提德 Flamsteed 在格林威治天文台观测的结果，而格林威治天文台则是为了皇家海军的利益在查尔斯二世的命令下建造的。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。