观测的

Establishing the observation coordinate to acquire the horizontal and vertical components of atmospheric wind in the detecting field by the space analytical geometry theory, completing the inversion of the atmospheric wind.

在观测点建立空间观测坐标系，由此坐标系出发根据空间解析几何的理论，推导出观测场内的大气风场的水平面和垂直于水平面上的分量，给出了风场探测的反演方法。

Using the observed data obtained from stations all over the world and the related interplanetary and geomagnetic material, we study the response of global ionospheric F〓-layer parameter NmF〓 and hmF〓 to five typical different type geomagnetic disturbance events induced by different interplanetary magnetic cloud, by dividing the global ionosphere into high, middle and low latitude a ccording the variations of magnetic latitude, and adopting the UT/LT (universal time /local time) method.

利用全球电离层台站提供的观测资料及有关行星际、地磁观测资料，根据磁纬变化将全球分成高、中、低纬三个不同的区域，并采用了UT/LT的方法，分析了全球电离层F2层参数NmF2和hmF2对于五次由不同行星际磁云引起的不同类型地磁扰动事件的响应。

Through the study, we can conclude that improper slave function shows fairly good earthquake-reflecting capacity to earthquakes with MS 5.0 in eastern China, which can be regarded as comprehensive parameter to the medium-term and short-term earthquake prediction and can determine three elements of an earthquake more exactly.

利用模糊数学中异常从属函数方法对1990～1997年华东地区16种前兆观测方法，近5万组观测数据的综合前兆场进行了时空演化特征研究结果表明，异常从属函数μ对发生在华东地区的MS≥5.0地震有较好的映震能力，可作为中期、中短期预报的综合指标，对地震三要素可作出较为准确的判定

There exists extraordinarily affluent literature of historical earthquake.Currently,we inadequately utilize macro phenomena of earthquake and isoseismal,therefore,further explore the source of historical earthquake,and emphasize the uncertainty of epicenter and magnitude of historical earthquake.Since 1970,along with the advancement of observational technique, we greatly improve seismic observational accuracy,and moderate and small seismic data recorded by instrument is more and more sufficient.

历史地震的文献资料异常丰富，但是对地震宏观现象及等震线的利用显得不足，历史地震资源还待进一步开发；而且历史地震震中位置和震级的不确定性问题需要注意。1970年以来，由于观测技术的提高，地震观测精度得到很大程度地改善，仪器记录的中小地震资料也越来越丰富。

In the low-low satellite to satellite gravity mission, the intersatellite range and range-rate data are the observable values, while the intersatellite acceleration can be derived from the range-rate through digital differential. Using acceleration data, people can avoid solving the variation equations of the satellite motion and simplify the observation equations. But on the other side, the digital differential will amplify the observation noises and finally affect the solved geopotential accuracy.

低低卫星跟踪卫星的观测量是两低轨卫星的星间距离或星间速度，星间加速度由星间速度通过数值微分导出，用星间加速度作为观测量可以避免解算卫星运动的变分方程，简化观测方程的建立，但数值微分会使观测噪声放大，从而影响重力位的解算精度。

The pollution caused by atmospheric particulate PM2.5 is one of the important factors affecting urban visibility, research on the vertical distributive characters of PM2.5 at the ground layer is benefit for the understanding the formation mechanism of the primary pollutants, which will provide a new scientific basis for the comprehensive pollution control. Experiments were carried out from 16, Aug of 2006 to 31, Aug of 2007 on the meteorological tower of 255 m height in Tianjin. The observation of PM2.5 mass concentration with the meteorological elements at three levels of 40 m, 120 in and 220 in are analyzed.

大气细颗粒物PM2.5是导致城市能见度降低的重要原因之一，研究低层大气细颗粒物的垂直分布特征，利于了解边界层内污染物的大气物理化学反应机制，能为大气污染综合治理决策提供新的科学数据。2006年8月16日－2007年8月31日期间以天津市255m气象塔为观测平台，分别在40m、120m和220立方公尺个不同高度进行大气污染物PM2.5质量浓度和气象要素的同步观测。

Of endogenous variables with the Root-Mean-Square Percent Error between simulated values and actual values less than 5%, and 81. 8% of endogenous variables with RMSPE less than 10%, which implies that the overall goodness of the model is satisfactory.

检验结果表明，动态模拟值与实际观测值的均方根相对误差低于5%的内生变量占全部内生变量的59.1%，而均方根相对误差不超过10%的内生变量占81.8%，说明模型对观测值具有良好的总体拟合性能。

The observational result shows that this Quadrantid meteor shower occurs between 0000 to 0800 local time in January 4, 2004, with meteor echoes peaking at 0400 local time. Moreover the meteor shower radiant derived from the meteor echoes plane, which is formed by the whole meteor echoes observed by the meteor radar during this shower, accords well with the theoretic radiant of this meteor shower.

从观测结果可以发现此次象限仪座流星雨发生在2004年1月4日的0000-0800LT，其中流星峰值出现在0400LT，而且通过流星雷达观测到的流星雨期间的流星回波平面推测得到的流星雨辐射点也与该流星雨的理论辐射点位置对应非常好。

In this paper the phase shifts in spiral galaxies M 81 and M 51 has been computed. It is found that the theoretical patterns of the spiral arms agree in general with the observational results of 21 cm radio emission in the main.

本文具体计算了M81，M51两星系的恒星臂与气体臂之间的相移，给出了两星系的星臂乃气臂的式样，与21厘米射电观测结果比较表明，理论与观测基本上是符合的。

As the modern astronomical observational technique with the highest resolution, VLBI can provide key contribution to the study of relativistic jets structure, superluminal motion and bending jet of γ-ray AGNs. It is helpful to discover the relationship between γ-ray and radio emission of them.

VLBI技术是现代天文观测中能获得最高分辨本领的观测手段，利用VLBI技术对γ-ray AGNs的相对论射电喷流结构、视超光速运动和喷流的弯曲进行研究，将有助于我们探索该类源的γ-ray和射电辐射的关系。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！