观测的

Base stations and mobile stations are a group of satellite observations, the base station will observe the data connected by data sent to the mobile stations, mobile stations that the observed data and the data itself is bad decomposition operator, which are mobile stations, and between the base station with high precision relative position of the mobile station will eventually calculate the solution of the three-dimensional data storage and transfer them to complete the dynamic observation.

基准站和流动站都是对一组卫星进行观测，基准站将观测到的数据通过数据连传送到流动站，流动站将该数据与本身观测到的数据进行差分解算，从而得到流动站和基准站之间的具有较高精度的相对位置，最终将解算出的流动站的三维数据存储并传输出来即完成了动态观测。

There are three kinds of observation data: remote sensing observation data, radiosonde report and surface observation data.

目前，中尺度数值模式中用到的观测资料包括：遥感观测资料以及常规探空和地面观测(地面观测站与地面自动站)资料等。

In order to prove the accuracy of GPS observation, water vapor radiometers were used to observe together with GPS. Comparison between WVR and GPS observations at different sites and times shows that rootmeansquare error is less than 4 mm. Therefore, the slant path water vapor amount can be accurately retrieved using this method, which is suited for nearly realtime remote sensing and detection of the atmosphere.

为验证GPS观测结果精度，用微波辐射计与GPS一起进行了联合观测，不同观测地点和时间的对比结果表明，二者rootmeansquare误差小于4mm，证明应用此种方法地基GPS可较精确地反演出倾斜路径方向大气水汽总量，而且这种反演方法适合于近实时大气遥感探测。

The positioning result of phase and broadcast ephemerides are gained using time-satellite differential model after canceling SA, the precision for 24 hours phase observation data is about 1.1 metre,the precision for 2 hours phase observation data is about 1.3 metre,the precision for 1 hour phase observation data is about 1.6 metre ,the precision for 20 minutes phase observation data is about 2.7 metre.

采用时星差模型得到取消SA后相位和广播星历的定位结果：用24小时的相位观测数据定位精度在1.1米水平；用2小时的观测数据定位精度在1.3米水平；用1小时的观测数据定位精度在1.6米水平；用20分钟的观测数据定位精度在2.7米水平。

If the continuous, come and go underway observation has been done recurrently by ADCP at the section which close the doorway of the bay among at least26 hours,a series of flux of the bay could be obtained and the storage capacity for tidal water of the semiclosed bay could be computed direc -tly.

文章推荐了一种半封闭海湾纳潮量的直接观测方法，主要利用ADCP在封闭湾口的观测断面上进行周期性的往还式周日连续走航观测，通过观测到的湾口流量变化序列直接计算海湾的纳潮量。

Using maximal ancestral graph models, this paper characterizes the independencies and causal structure of the observed variables and provides an algorithm for causal inference using observational data.

作者利用在观测变量上构造的最大祖先图模型刻画观测变量间的独立性关系和因果结构，并提出了具体的实现算法，从而可由观测数据来推断这类不完全观测下的部分因果关系。

Time the city can be observed up to 2 hours and 40 minutes; followed by the sea there is no shelter material, while other cities are in the basin, the mountain block and more is not conducive to observation; Third, the total solar eclipse occurs when the sun altitude angle Zhoushan the largest observed the best results.

全市可观测时间可长达2小时40分；其次海面上没有任何遮挡物，而其他城市大都位于盆地，山体遮挡多，不利于观测；第三，日全食发生时，舟山的太阳高度角最大，观测效果最佳。

Finally, in additional to the comparison of results derived by PPP and DGPS, they were all compared to Anping tide gauge records as well. The aim of this study is the analysis of height variations provided by different methodologies. Comparing to Anping tide gauge records, the differences in height variations can achieve 4.5 cm with DGPS; 6 cm with final product; 10 cm with rapid product; 25 cm with ultra-rapid product; 1~2 m with ultra-rapid product.

实验中也搜集了安平潮位站的潮位资料，故也将此资料与GPS浮标高程方向定位成果进行比较，而研究中将著重於高程变化量之分析，假设潮位仪观测海水面高程变化量为参考解，由实验结果可发现差分相对定位椭球高变化量均方根误差之平均值约4.5公分；使用最终产品时椭球高变化量均方根误差之平均值可以达到6公分以内；使用快速产品时椭球高变化量均方根误差之平均值可以达到10公分以内；使用超快速产品观测部分於观测环境理想时椭球高变化量均方根误差之平均值可以达到25公分左右；使用超快速产品预估部分时椭球高变化量均方根误差之平均值约1~2公尺。

The actual deformation observation instrument not only results in confused and false readings ,but also high cost , difficult hole sealing .

现行的变形观测装置不仅造成观测成果的混乱与假象，而且成本高、封孔困难，改进后的岩石抬动变形观测装置克服了现行变形观测装置的不足之处，提高了可操作性。

In the upper atmosphere, ionosphere, magnetosphere. At present, there are a variety of advanced ground based instruments, such as proton magnetometer, fluxgate magnetometer, Digisonde, GPS ionospheric TEC and scintillation monitor, HF Doppler, all-sky meteor radar and airglow imager etc. The data monitoring and processing center can monitor the observation instrument working state in all stations and collect and process data through Internet. Some of processing data results can be published on the web near real time( http://space.iggcas.ac.cn ).

目前，台链拥有质子磁力仪，磁通门磁力仪，电离层数字测高仪， GPS TEC 和电离层闪烁监测仪，高频多普勒探测仪，全天空流星雷达和气辉成像观测仪等多种先进的地基空间环境综合观测设备，台链监控和数据中心对各台站观测仪器和数据状态进行监控，观测数据实时传输到台链数据中心进行处理和保存，并在互联网上实时发布（网址： http：//space.iggcas.ac.cn ）。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！