观测数据

Spectral methods and the classical Crank-Nicolson scheme are applied to deduce the full discrete system for the continuous model, then the variational adjoint assimilation approach is used to derive the gradient and the corresponding adjoint system.

从这个全离散问题出发，结合全局或局部已知的观测数据，分别构造梯度下降算法求解相应的最优化问题。我们分析了采用不同方法计算梯度所需的代价，另外，还给出一种选择最优迭代步长的算法。

Simulation results show that the proposed algor ithm not only has better location performance with weak observational data, but also is relatively more insensitive to the target height.

仿真结果表明，该方法不仅对弱观测数据具有较好的定位精度，而且不受目标高程约束，当目标高程不确定时，仍具有稳健的定位效果。

This project also solves the problem of combining satellite altimetry and oceanphysical data, which realizes the discerption of sea geoid and sea topography.

解决了在复杂的海洋动力模式下将卫星测高与海洋表层观测数据进行融合处理的问题，实现海洋大地水准面与海面地形的分离。

The investigation shows that data of tipper and apparent tipper obviously reflect the inhomogeneity of horizontal direction of medium-electric resistivity, particularly the fault. So the data of frequency range apparent tipper calculated by high-quality four-component observation data can be used in identifying the position, inclination and scale of fault.

研究结果表明：倾子和视倾子资料对介质电阻率水平方向的不均匀性，特别是对断裂反映明显；应用质量较好的四分量观测数据计算出高频段（频率大于1Hz）的视倾子资料，可以用来判断断裂的位置、倾向和规模。

In this paper, based on the data of flume experiments and field engineering, the indicial method of dimensional analysis is compared with the method based on energy equation. the characteristics of the two methods are analyzed and the application conditions are put forward. this research can provide evidence for method selection of radial gates hydraulic calculation or calibration.

通过弧形闸门的实验室水槽数据和现场观测数据，将传统的基于能量方程的方法和量纲分析的表征方法进行了比较，在分析了不同方法的特点的同时，指出不同方法的应用条件，为闸门水力计算和校准等计算方法的选择提供了依据。

Accurate relocation of the Wenchuan earthquake sequence is obtained by using the double difference relocation algorithm from the integrated travel time data recorded at the Western Sichuan movable seismic array and the earthquake emergency response stations. In this presentation, the seismotectonic deformation and rupture process is also investigated.

综合利用川西流动地震台阵观测数据和震后应急地震观测台站的震相数据，采用双差地震定位方法对汶川地震的余震序列进行了精确重新定位，并对汶川地震的地震构造进行了深入研究。

Moreover, the accuracy analysis for different measurements and parameters(such as time measure error, azimuth measure error, buoys error, baseline length and sound velocity fluctuation) are given respectively. To make the best use of the observation datas, the weighted least square localization algorithm is used to improve the accuracy in bistatic sonar. The simulation results show that the positioning accuracy of this algorithm is higher than the other four algorithms, with which the positioning accuracy in stations areas and side areas can be improved effectively.

同时，通过对系统各个因素，如系统的各观测量的测量误差、站址误差、基线长度、声速波动等参数对算法性能的影响，得出了各方法定位误差的分布规律；为了充分利用双基地声纳系统的观测数据，提高系统的定位精度，采用加权最小二乘方法对系统的数据进行优化处理，仿真结果表明该方法定位精度明显高于基本方法的定位精度，能有效的改善发射站和接受站侧边区的定位精度，且定位性能受站址测量误差的影响较小。

Based on the real-time ground meteorological data file from regional automatic weather station, and "Ground meteorological observation data file and record sheet format", the data report making and sharing system of RAWS was developed by Delphi language in order to satisfy the practical needs of operational work in Liaoning province.

区域自动气象站资料报表制作与共享系统是根据我省业务工作的实际需要，使用Delphi语言为编程工具，以&地面气象观测数据文件和记录簿表格式&为标准，以区域自动气象站实时地面气象数据传输文件为基础资料而开发研制的。

Using LMS and LS as the merit function separately,in this paper we take the multi-stage inversion of the SAIL model as an example to inverse the ground parameter.

本文以遥感BRDF物理模型——SAIL模型为例，使用模拟数据与真实地面观测数据，构建LMS与LS两种代价函数，分阶段地进行地表参数的反演方法研究。

Using 59 good quality observation data from IGS tracking station, this paper analyses the result of TEC that is caused by X5. 7 solar flare on Jul. 14 2000 and X14. 4 solar flare on Apr.

利用59个数据质量良好的IGS跟踪站的观测数据，对2000年7月14日爆发的X5.7级的太阳耀斑和2001年4月15日爆发的X14.4级的太阳耀斑所引起的TEC的变化情况进行了计算和分析。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。