观测数据

Based on the heterogeneous knowledge units, the system can be used for real time meteorological data quality controlling. by use of the ontological analyzing technique, the entities and their relationship are analyzed to position the knowledge point for data checking and to improve the efficiency of knowledge acquiring from expert's experience.

该系统应用领域本体分析技术，集成多方面专家的经验知识，确定气象观测数据质量控制的知识点，通过异构知识体之间的协作，实时推断气象观测数据的正确性，实现对地面气象观测数据的实时自动错误检测、警示并给出更改建议。

The following conclusions have been made in this paper.(1) Based on CO_2 flux data of eddy covariance, variation characteristics of gross primary productivity in four flux observation stations were studied, which are an alpine meadow, an alpine shrub meadow, a swamp alpine meadow and a steppe alpine meadow at Dongxiong. The results show that photosynthetic capacity of the alpine meadow is the highest, and the annual total GPP is 652.2g C/m~2. Daily-differencing approach is used to analyze the random error of CO_2 fluxes measurements. The results show that the distribution of random error follows more closely follows a double-exponential, rather than a normal distribution, capturing the high peak and thick tail, and the random error varies with environment variables, which violates the assumptions for the ordinary least squares fitting with normality and homoscedasticity, consequently, we introduce maximum likelihood method for parameter optimization.

本文主要在以下几个方面开展工作并获得了一些认知和结论：(1)通过分析样带区域内高寒草甸、高寒灌丛、沼泽化湿地和草原化高寒草甸四个通量观测站点草地生态系统总初级生产力变化特征，研究结果表明HBBT矮嵩草草甸生态系统植被光合作用能力较强，年GPP总量为652.2 gC/m~2，明显高于其他三种生态系统；通过利用"单塔日变化法"获得四站点通量观测数据随机误差，结果表明通量观测随机误差概率分布呈现尖峰厚尾的特征，与正态分布相比，更服从双边指数分布，进一步分析表明通量观测随机误差随环境变量(风速、温度和光合有效辐射)的变化而变化，这违背了普通最小二乘法进行生态过程模型参数优化正态分布且误差同质的假设，因此本研究中引入最大似然法进行生态过程模型参数优化。

We carried out some test and routine observations, and by the data analyses we conclude:1 This system can improve the contrast and spatial resolution of the filtergram and magnetogram obviously;2 The optimization of the algorithm largely improve the temporal resolution, and this makes the routine observation possible.

通过对试观测和常规观测数据的分析，我们发现：1该系统能够大大提高单色像、磁场数据的对比度和空间分辨率；2对相关跟踪算法的优化大大提高了系统的时间分辨率，系统可以投入常规观测使用。

Several interrelating networks of different types being a information description object, a dataset can be designed to include all kinds of observation data, observation instrument, adjustment computation data, file data and descriptive data of a control network, stored in the form of sequential file.

以多个相互关联的不同类型控制网为信息表示对象，将控制网的各种观测数据、观测仪器、平差计算数据、文档数据和描述性数据设计在一个数据集中，并以顺序文件形式存储。

We figure out the telescope mount parameters by observing stars with CCD, and establish a measurement system, including CCD and image acquisition card to collect stars'image data, time and frequency system (made up of high accuracy counter, the GPS second signal and 10MHz frequency standard), the observing software in VC++6.0 for collecting and processing star image and the image processing software programmed with MATLAB.

建立了一套用于测定望远镜机架指向误差模型参数的系统，包括：CCD 及图像卡等硬件系统用于采集恒星图像数据；使用高精度的计数器、GPS 提供的秒信号和标准10MHz信号开发了用于观测软件的时间频率系统；使用VC++6.0 编制了包括用于计算恒星位置及图像采集和处理的观测程序，并用MATLAB编制了用于处理观测数据的程序。

The positioning result of phase and broadcast ephemerides are gained using time-satellite differential model after canceling SA, the precision for 24 hours phase observation data is about 1.1 metre,the precision for 2 hours phase observation data is about 1.3 metre,the precision for 1 hour phase observation data is about 1.6 metre ,the precision for 20 minutes phase observation data is about 2.7 metre.

采用时星差模型得到取消SA后相位和广播星历的定位结果：用24小时的相位观测数据定位精度在1.1米水平；用2小时的观测数据定位精度在1.3米水平；用1小时的观测数据定位精度在1.6米水平；用20分钟的观测数据定位精度在2.7米水平。

In this paper, authors research the so called PSSVM which uses the polynomial functions to smoothen the objective function and present two polynomial functions.

引 言研究从观测数据出发寻找规律，利用这些规律对未来数据或无法观测的数据进行预测的工作，迄今为止，还没有一种被大家共同接受的理论框架。

Using maximal ancestral graph models, this paper characterizes the independencies and causal structure of the observed variables and provides an algorithm for causal inference using observational data.

作者利用在观测变量上构造的最大祖先图模型刻画观测变量间的独立性关系和因果结构，并提出了具体的实现算法，从而可由观测数据来推断这类不完全观测下的部分因果关系。

To find a right method for systematizing a great number of lightning data , this paper analyzes 40 893 lightning data obtained on two lines in one year.

为解决目前大量的雷电观测数据没有在防雷工作中得到很好的利用，需寻找合适方法对其进行全面整理的问题，利用已在诸多行业包括电力行业中得到应用的数据挖掘技术分析处理了某地区两条线路上一年观测所获得的40893条雷电数据。

In the upper atmosphere, ionosphere, magnetosphere. At present, there are a variety of advanced ground based instruments, such as proton magnetometer, fluxgate magnetometer, Digisonde, GPS ionospheric TEC and scintillation monitor, HF Doppler, all-sky meteor radar and airglow imager etc. The data monitoring and processing center can monitor the observation instrument working state in all stations and collect and process data through Internet. Some of processing data results can be published on the web near real time( http://space.iggcas.ac.cn ).

目前，台链拥有质子磁力仪，磁通门磁力仪，电离层数字测高仪， GPS TEC 和电离层闪烁监测仪，高频多普勒探测仪，全天空流星雷达和气辉成像观测仪等多种先进的地基空间环境综合观测设备，台链监控和数据中心对各台站观测仪器和数据状态进行监控，观测数据实时传输到台链数据中心进行处理和保存，并在互联网上实时发布（网址： http：//space.iggcas.ac.cn ）。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。