观念

Centered American system originated in the years around the American Revolution and developed through the practice of Monroe Doctrine ,then became one important political idea of the U.

美洲体系观念在美国独立前后生成，经门罗主义的出台以及门罗之后历届当政者的重申发展，成为美国政治观念中一个重要的观念。

Modern political ideas of China can not come from the natural transformation that based on traditional politic...

近代政治观念，就中国而言，不是传统政治观念在近代社会发展基础上的自然转型，而是主要藉助对西方近代政治观念的了解、认同与移植逐渐生长起来。

Great changes will take place in China's traditional concept of value at the times of the global integration of economy, including the change from the enclosed type to the open one, the change from the value norm which emphasizes the form to the one that emphasizes the effect,and the change from the drastic goal of value to the realistic one.

随着国际交往范围的扩大，各种价值观念的冲突日趋激烈。这种激烈的交融碰撞势必引起价值观念的深刻变革。因此，探讨经济全球化背景下我国价值观念的变革趋向，帮助人们树立正确的世界观和价值观，具有十分重要的意义。

This article starts with a review of the history of the "Expression" conception in the Occident literature tradition,from which to conclude the base connotation of modern "Expression" conception in occident.Relying on this springboard,we analyses the history of the occidental modern plastic arts gradually ,then the naissance and development of the occidental modern plastic arts may boil down to a going-deep course driven by the "Expression" conception:the impressionism which had been pursuing sensual reality brought out a turning point from Representation to expression;Faurism accomplished the consciousness of Expression based on inheriting and criticizing Post-Impressionisme, and resisted the suppressant on Expression by Physical Image; the German Expressionism and Surrealism uplifted Expression at the same time they resisted Physical Image by "Nugatory Physical image"; From the apocalypse of Cubism,Suprematism and De Stijl tended towards Pure Plastic which excluded Physical Image completely,meaning that it had realized absolute Expression in the range of plastic;After WW II,artsists in western detected that Pure Plastic had actually suppressed Expression newly,as a result of Abstract-Expressionism and Mirnirnaliam Art,Expression broke away from Pure Plastic gradually to seek some new possibilities other than plastic.

本文从对西方文艺传统中的"表现"观念的历史考察着手，归纳出西方现代"表现"观念的核心内涵，以此为基点来逐步分析西方现代造型艺术史，进而将西方现代造型艺术的产生与发展归结为在"表现"观念驱动下不断递进的历史进程：印象主义对感觉真实的追求为造型艺术由再现走向表现打开了缺口；野兽派在继承和批判后印象主义的基础上首次实现了表现的自觉，并在艺术中反抗物象对表现的压迫；德国表现主义与超现实主义以不彻底的"否定性物象"来张扬表现反抗物象；至上主义、风格派等则在立体主义的启示下走向完全排斥物象的纯粹造型，在造型的范围内实现彻底的表现；二战后的西方艺术家们察觉到纯粹造型已经掉转头来形成新的对表现的压制；经由抽象表现主义、最低限艺术，表现逐步摆脱了纯粹造型，寻求造型之外的新的表现可能。

In 1799 he resigned his tutorships, devoted himself for a couple of years to the study of philosophy and wrote some small works on education including appreciations of Pestalozzi's writings.

一种新观念的体会必须用旧有的其它观念来解释，譬如"海湾"这个词，是靠我们已有"水"、"颜色"和"声音"的旧观念来体会其含义。

However, Jiazhangke's films create the space by using motion, shooting scale ,the relations among performers and the transportation and a outer space of image in Jia's films is also created through dispatching the shot, performers and multiple space ,refering to which this text reexplains and conformities the film's concept of space and analyses how to create the space using audio in order to formulate Jia's understandings to space――the film space view of "non-mirror-image" and the inherent tension and open space idea taking root on the reality.

本文通过对电影空间概念的重新诠释和整合，以及对贾樟柯利用运动、景别、人物关系和交通工具营造空间，通过贾樟柯对影片中镜头、演员、多重空间的调度，创造画外空间，和用声音创造空间等实证性的分析，阐述了贾樟柯对空间的理解——非镜像化的电影空间，以及这种理解扎根于当下、立足于现实而形成的内在的张力和开放式的空间观念，揭示了他的作品独特的空间观念及这种空间观念对中国电影民族化的影响。

The author holds that the concepts of equality, self restraint, mercy and altruism are the basic principles of Buddhist ethical thought.

作者认为，平等观念、克己观念和慈悲利他观念是佛教伦理思想中的基本原则。

At present, bad moral manners and moral tendency that exist in middle school students lie in the following aspects: Severely lacking of self-control and indiscipline; Short of sense of responsibility, Senses of justice, sympathy, heart of public morals, moral honest and credit. Don"t follow teachers" and parents advice. Idea of ethics is weak. Lacking of self-respect, Self-loving, Self-possessed. Seeking vulgar interests; Fighting, breaking the law, and committing a crime, etc.

目前在中学生身上存在的不良道德行为和倾向主要有以下方面：严重的缺乏自律自制，没有纪律观念；缺乏责任感，正义感，同情心，公德心和道德诚信；听不进师长的教诲，伦理观念淡漠；缺乏自尊，自爱，自重；兴趣，情趣低下，追求低级庸俗；法制观念不强，打架斗殴，违法犯罪等。

The Wizard Culture is a method of activities and achievements which is controlled by humans theism, spiritism and totemism.

巫文化是人们在万物有灵观念、鬼神观念、图腾观念支配下的活动方式及其成果。

When concept turns into visual text, it will not just exist in the cultural meanings. So the complicated relationship among visual technique, cultural concept and textuary analysis should also be handled. Thus, artists' ability to control the noumenon of art is in great need.

当观念转化为视觉读本的时候，观念不仅仅存在于文化的含义之中，它同样应处理好视觉技术-文化观念-读本分析三者之间的复杂关系，这就需要艺术家对艺术本体语言的把握能力。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。