观念

My paper firstly turns on the time of Kaogongji, puts it in axes-age and sums up the characters from our ancient art design which it starts from the analyzing of "Qi" and "Wu".So we can draw our research clue and orientation: manufacture whose core is "Li";And then we will make particularly aesthetic analyse about the text.We will make it clear about the realations between " Li" and "Qi", concept and res, taste and res , and my paper will tell of three part:conceptual design—age idea" s effect on Kaogongji" s taste;human design—human spirit in Kaogongji" s art design;imitate design—accouterment" s taste of Kaogongji. In the text ,I will also tell of the following problems:Li and Kaogongji" s design idea, like-six idea and Kaogongji" s taste ideal, nature-human and Kaogongji s zoology idea.

本论文首先切入《考工记》的时间定位问题，把它放在轴心时代的大背景下，之后从"器"和"物"二字的文字学分析出发，对我国古代艺术设计的总体特征进行了概括，进而以此背景审视《考工记》一书的工艺美学思想，确定本文对该书的研究思路和定位，即以"礼"为核心的器物制造；然后具体进入文本进行细致的美学视角的分析，为廓清"礼"与"器"、观念与器物、审美风尚与器物等关系理顺思路，论文分别从观念化设计——时代观念对《考工记》审美取向的影响、人机化设计——《考工记》艺术设计的人文精神、仿生设计——《考工记》中装饰物的审美追求这三个大方面进行研究，涉及到礼制文化与《考工记》的审美设计理念、"尚六意识"与《考工记》的审美理想、"天人合一"与《考工记》的审美生态观等诸多问题。

Scholar Kimberly Smith writes,"If Berry's ecological agrarianism doesn't look particularly innovative to us, it is because he makes the marriage of agrarian and environmental thought seem so natural that we assume agrarianism always implied ecological sensitivity -- or that ecological sensitivity always implied support for family farming."

学者金柏利E史密斯这麼写著：「若贝瑞的生态小农经济理论并不特别起眼，那是因为他使得田地均分的观念与环保的结合，看起来是如此的自然，我们便认定小农经济一直都包含著环保观念－要不然就是环保观念意指的是对家庭农业的支持。

This paper mainly studies on people Jui-Tu neglected to look further into these questions.:one, through the works of Zhang Rui Figure comprehensive carding, so can their have a comprehensive understanding; 2, the morphological changes from the works start, to explore its origins calligraphy; 3, through their works shall know Handscroll analysis to help determine without the banners section in the approximate age of the work; 4 of their book to learn the concept of analysis, in order to more clearly understand the formation process of calligraphy styles. 5. Allograph home and at the same time learn the concept of the book, we can know that the formation of personality style and its concept of an independent study of the book is closely related to, but also deepen their understanding of the law of Zhang Rui.'s calligraphy.

本文主要就人们研究张瑞图时所忽略的一些问题做进一步的探讨：1、通过对张瑞图作品的全面梳理，以求能对其有一个全面的认识；2、从其作品的形态变化入手，探寻其书法的渊源，并尝试对其书法上一个很长的空白期进行探索；3、通过对其手卷作品进行款识分析，以帮助对无年款的条幅作品进行断代；4、对其书法观念进行论述，以求更清晰地理解其书法风格的形成；5、与同时代书家书法观念的比较，可以知道个性风格的形成与其独立的书学观念密切相关，更能加深对张瑞图书法的理解。

Besides he stated that the basis of religion was animatism whose development depended on the economic development.

他结合宗教观念的演化，以宗教观念是否和道德相结合给宗教一词下了定义；同时还将宗教定义为观念、情绪和活动的相当严整的体系。

The idea of animatism stresses absolute conformity; the practice under Taoist'sview of nature undergoes the process from nonaction to "entirely swayed bynature"; the idea of the division between man and heaven attaches importance tothe conformity with the rules of nature; while the idea of the integration of manand heaven stresses the conformity with natural as well as social principles.

顺应的具体表现各不相同，万物有灵观念强调对自然的绝对顺从，道家自然观影响下的实践态度经历了从"无为"到"纯任自然"的过程，天人相分观念强调顺应自然规律，天人合一观念强调顺应自然和社会规律。

Apriorism and empiricism are two antagonistic concepts in contemporary western philosophy. The former takes some ultimate ideas as its ideological basis, while the latter regards the effective practical activities as the only human ideological basis, rejecting any unverifiable ultimate idea.

近代西方哲学中的先验论和经验主义似乎是两个对立的观念，前者把某种终极理念作为思想观念的基础，而后者恰恰把行之有效的现实行为活动框架视为人类惟一的观念基础，从而否定任何不可证明的终极理念。

In the forth chapter, I expound that Buddhism conception and lores effected the fictions from eight aspects and selected out six Buddhism conceptions to examine it so as to probe Buddhism conceptions' influence on the fictions in the course of Sui and Tang Dynasties further.

第四章从八个方面分别论述了佛教观念及佛经故事题材对此期小说的影响，择取六个佛教观念切入考查，籍此具体深入地探讨释家观念对隋唐五代小说的浸染，并结合六朝小说，以见佛教观念在不同时期的的内涵变化及演进态势。

However, this overturn will be not revert to the history of rural conception which belongs to the pre-revolution, but make a new path selection in the combination of traditional land conception (including both the land conception before the revolution and the land ideas influenced by the revolution) and current needs.

只不过，这一再翻转不是要回复到革命前的乡村观念史，而是要在处理好传统土地观念--包括革命前的土地观念和革命所带来的土地观念--与现实需求的结合中做出新的路径选择。

A re-overturning in people's land conception will happen, but rather than reverting to the old, pre-evolution conception, a new path will be selected in which traditional land conception （including the pre-revolution one and the post-revolution one） and the current needs of reality will be synthesized.

只不过，这一再翻转不是要回复到革命前的乡村观念史，而是要在处理好传统土地观念——包括革命前的土地观念和革命所带来的土地观念——与现实需求的结合中做出新的路径选择。

The author manages to clarify the influences of the religion on the world outlook, life outlook and the concepts of morals and aesthetics of the Byzantines through the Concept of God, the Holy Process of Human Being and the Religious Ethical Characteristics from the Byzantine Church, and on the basis of which, comes to the conclusions that:(1) The Byzantines' understanding of the world ultimate essence is mystery, and the understanding of life is full of fatal and holy pursuit;(2) The secular ethical concepts of the Byzantines are obviously with the tendency of escapism because it contains a lot of church ethics;(3) The aesthetic concepts of the Byzantines pay attentions to both the beauty of Harmony and the beauty of Holy with the influences of the religious ethical inclinations.

笔者主要以拜占廷教会&上帝观念&、&人的神圣化过程&以及&宗教伦理特征&为切入点，尝试去阐明宗教对于拜占廷人的世界观、人生观以及道德和审美观念的影响，并在此基础上得出如下结论：（1）拜占廷人对于世界终极本质的理解是神秘的，对人生的理解充满了宿命的神圣化追求；（2）拜占廷人的世俗伦理观念中包容了诸多教会伦理，因此带有明显的遁世主义倾向；（3）拜占廷人的审美观念因受宗教审美取向的影响而呈现出&和谐&之美与&神圣&之美并重的局面。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。