观念

The key to Skinner's work was the concept of operant conditioning, which relied on the notion of reinforcement, all behavior which is learned is rooted in either a positive or negative response to that action.

Skinner工作的重点是使一件事发生动作的条件的观念，这依靠于观念的增强。所有的行为，他们被学习，是来源于对那个行动的正面及负面的回应。

George Orwell famously remarked that there are some ideas so absurd that only an intellectual could believe them.

乔治·奥威尔说过一句很有名的话，某些观念是如此荒谬，以至于只有某个知识分子会相信这些观念。

For voluntarism, it has affected literature concept with two kinds different way: One kind is called positive voluntarism ,which night-spirit "mental and physical efforts", request strong ideal to breaks fatalistic and the thought which restrict people's mind, and arouse active fighting spirit, has enormous effect to break the restrict of the feudal ethical code and outdate standard to literature , the intellectual then start to promote express sincerely and it has also affected the thought that Lu Xun hold hight frighting energy and called "the Moluo poet" to break "Ping He" in literature . Another one kind which based on break away from pain and pursue transcendent , can called pessimistic voluntarism , reflect concertratly in "absolve" and "recreation" of Wang Guowei's theory .

就唯意志论思潮对文学观念的影响而言，本文主要分为两方面：一种是昂扬"心力"、要求以强力意志打破宿命，并以意志冲破思想"网罗"、激发斗志的积极唯意志论，对于冲破文学"礼"和旧有规范的制约，从而发倡文学"真"论作用很大，也影响了鲁迅等呼唤"摩罗诗人"打破"平和"，高扬文学战斗性的思想；另一种则可称是以摆脱人生苦痛、追求人生解脱和超越的悲观唯意志论，在王国维的"解脱"与"游戏"的文艺观中体现，使文学观念向审美超越的层面迈进。

For the sake of the request of orientation knowledge-based economy ages, we have to abandon some outworn but unpopular ideas, making use of all new thinking, creating an a series of knowledge-based economy ages all new accountancy's idea.

为了适应知识经济时代的要求，我们必须抛弃一些陈腐而不合时宜的观念，运用全新的思维，创造出一系列知识经济时代全新的会计观念。

The correlation of economics and pedagogics to educational economics is discussed in this part. The educational economics" methods are mainly determined by economics, which are restricted and supplemented by pedagogics at the same time. It is especially pointed out that how pedagogics" notion, ethic, concept system and so on are embodied internally in educational economics research.

分析论述了经济学和教育学的研究方法及理论观念与教育经济学研究的相互关系，提出经济学方法对教育经济学方法的决定性，以及教育学对于教育经济学方法的制约和补充，特别是教育学的观念、伦理、概念体系等应该如何在教育经济学的研究中内在地体现出来。

The results demonstrated that, under the influence of traditional Taiwan or Chinese culture, Taiwan expatriates behave differently from their western counterparts. These differences were explained in terms of cultural variables, particularly personalism and guanxi.

此结果可利用传统台湾或中国的文化观念来解释，台商外派大陆人员的行为之所以不同於西方外派人员，主要来自文化上的差异－尤其是中国文化强调个人至上的观念与人脉关系的建立等因素。

To some extent, he considers that there are some similarities between space-time concept, vaccum concept and also questions, which formed on the basis of precision experiments by modern physist,and the knowledge about universe,which formed through contemplate and inspiration by Buddhist philosophist.

认为从某种意义上看，现代物理学家以精密实验为基础所形成的时空观念、真空观念等问题与佛教哲学家通过沉思和顿悟所形成的对宇宙的认识两者之间具有某种相似性。

But thedigital art design have got what oneself the magic power's art design of the specialkind manifestation, lack the perfect and emollient theories system of oneself over along period of time, and not set up to adapt to the digital art design characteristicwith the development's idea and thought, not these ideas with thought the guideinto to the digital art design's artistic with enjoy the inside and go to, digital artdesign can't break the mode of the traditional art design with old mt, can't developthe advantage of the arithmetic figure to sink into the mimicry with magic power,It is not difficult with plagiary predicaments.

但数字化艺术设计是有着自身独特性质的魅力的艺术设计表现形式，长期缺乏自己完善有力的理论体系，不树立适应数字化艺术设计特征和发展的观念与思想，不将这些观念和思想引入到数字化艺术设计的创作和欣赏中去，数字化艺术设计就无法突破传统艺术设计的模式和窠臼，无法发挥数字化的优势和魅力，难免陷入模仿和抄袭的困境，无法进一步的前进和深入，这无论是对数字化艺术设计本身还是对整个艺术设计的发展都是不利的。

The political development must be in favor of developmentof human being and progress of society after all.

而罗马法观念与斯多葛自然法思想的结合所构成的罗马契约观念的核心是权利观，由于罗马法和自然法思想的传承，这一权利契约观成为未来西方政治发展的基础性资源。

Over the last 15 years, this concept has changed dramatically to include the notion of plaque rupture as both a precipitant of clinical events but also a component of plaque progression in atherosclerosis.

在近15年来，这种观念已大幅改变，现在的观念则涵盖了斑块破裂为是动脉粥样硬化症临床病症的诱导因子与斑块恶化的要素。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。