观察孔

Results There was no obvious discrimination of the seed morphology between AMM and AM.

结果通过肉眼和光学显微镜观察，两种黄芪种子的形态差异不明显，在电子显微镜下观察，两种黄芪种子的萌发孔形状、种脐和种皮的微观结构有明显差异；蒙古黄芪较膜荚黄芪种子硬实率高，萌发不整齐，萌发高峰滞后。

In this study, the fine structures of chorion, micropyle, sperm entry site and plasma surface of its eggs were observed by SEM and TEM.

用扫描和透射电子显微镜观察了天然三倍体萍乡肉红鲫成熟卵子卵壳、受精孔、精子进入区以及卵子质膜表面的细微结构，观察了两种不同交配组合：萍乡肉红鲫萍乡肉红鲫与萍乡肉红鲫♀兴国红鲤♂的受精早期精子入卵的时序。

Flame observation: If it shown yellow in flame cone, blue around, and the opposite wall could be seen through peep hole, that means the blending ratio of air and coal gas is ok. If air excess, it shown sky blue, bright, and the wall of combustion chamber could be seen clearly but dulling. If coal gas excess, it shown dark red, muddiness, and the wall of combustion chamber could be seen hardly.

1火焰观察：从窥视孔观察燃烧室火焰，如果火焰中心呈黄色，四周微蓝，透明，清晰可见燃烧室对面砖墙，则为空气煤气配比合适；如果空气量过多，则呈天蓝色，明亮耀眼，燃烧室砖墙清晰可见，但发暗；如果煤气量过多，则呈暗红，混浊不清，难见燃烧室砖墙。

Experimentally, multi-pores are observed on leukocyte lysed with 3D electrodes and just single pore with planar electrodes. This is believed to be due to more uniform electric field of 3D electrodes than that of planar electrodes. Intracellular elements are extracted through the membrane as observed by increased intensity of Trypan blue when diluted by saline solution. We also demonstrate the lysing percentages at same flow velocity to explain the performance of 3D electrode is superior to that of planar electrode.

在实验方面，可发现细胞在3D 电极的形况下，是有多个破孔出现，有别於在平面电极的单个破洞，也发现当细胞出现破孔时，经由Trypan blue的辅助观察以及在食盐水稀释情况下，细胞内液是往外流出的，另外由裂解比率的结果，3D电极也是优於平面电极。

Methods: Human T cell leukemia cell line Jurkat was chosen as a model. The effect of deguelin on the growth of Jurkat cells was studied by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5 diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium assay. Apoptosis was detected through DNA fragmentation assay, Hoechst 33258 staining assay and Annexin V/PI double-labeled cytometry. The expression levels of nucleophosmin and nucleoporins, including Nup88 and Nup214, were studied by flow cytometry, Western Blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.

以人类T淋巴细胞白血病细胞系Jurkat作为研究对象，采用MTT法检测细胞增殖活性；DNA ladder法、Hoechst33258染色法和Annexin V-FITC/PI双标法检测细胞凋亡；流式细胞术、Western Blot、RT-PCR检测鱼藤素作用前后，Jurkat细胞内核孔蛋白Nup88、Nup214与核磷蛋白(nucleophosmin， NPM)表达水平的变化；激光共聚焦显微技术观察上述核孔蛋白与核磷蛋白的亚细胞定位情况。

Based on relative literatures,this part has included five resesearch aspects as below.1 Fifteen compounds were isolated and purified by extraction,column chromatography,and their structures were determined on the basis of spectral analysis: acteoside(Ⅰ-1),isoacteoside(Ⅰ-2),crenatoside(Ⅰ-3),cistanoside F(Ⅰ-4),sinapoyl-4-O-β-D-glucoside(Ⅰ-5),adenosine(Ⅰ-6),β-siterol(Ⅰ-7),oleanic acid(Ⅰ-8), succinic acid(Ⅰ-9),caffeic acid(Ⅰ-10),protocatechuic aldehyde(Ⅰ-11),p-hydro xybenzyl alcohol(Ⅰ-12),β-daucosterol(Ⅰ-13),D-galacitol(Ⅰ-14),D-mannitol(Ⅰ-15).Ⅰ-4～15 were obtained from this plant for the first time,andⅠ-6,7,9,and 13 were isolated from Orobanche genus for the first time.2 The scavenging test of DPPH showed that most compounds have comparative antioxidant activity as L-ascorbic acid and part of them show better activity such as the O.coerulescens extract and phenylethanoid glycosides.Acteoside showed potent free radical scavenging effects with a median inhibition concentration of 25.6μg/ml.3 The anti-HBV activities of acteoside,isoacteoside and crenatoside were measured,and all of them showed suppressive activity on the expression of HBsAg and HBeAg in the HepG2.2.15 cell line.

本论文在文献调研基础上对紫花列当化学成分及生物活性进行了研究，并从免疫抗病毒角度探讨紫花列当中特征性成分类叶升麻苷的肝保护作用及其机制。1采用大孔树脂、硅胶和Sephadex LH-20等色谱技术对紫花列当进行系统的植物化学研究，从中分离得到19个化合物，利用UV和NMR等波谱手段及理化性质鉴定了其中的15个化合物，分别为类叶升麻苷(Ⅰ-1)、异类叶升麻苷(Ⅰ-2)、crenatoside(Ⅰ-3)、cistanoside F(Ⅰ-4)、sinapoyl-4-O-β-D-glucoside(Ⅰ-5)、腺苷(Ⅰ-6)、β-谷甾醇(Ⅰ-7)、齐墩果酸(Ⅰ-8)、琥珀酸(Ⅰ-9)、咖啡酸(Ⅰ-10)、原儿茶醛(Ⅰ-11)、对羟甲基苯甲酸(Ⅰ-12)、β-胡萝卜苷(Ⅰ-13)、D-半乳糖醇(Ⅰ-14)和甘露醇(Ⅰ-15除化合物Ⅰ-1、Ⅰ-2和Ⅰ-3外，其余化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。2)通过大孔树脂富集该药材有效部位苯乙醇总苷，并采用HPLC测得其所含特征性成分类叶升麻苷的含量可达80%以上。3DPPH自由基清除试验显示紫花列当提取物及其所含的苯乙醇苷类化合物均具有较好的抗氧化能力，其清除DPPH自由基能力接近于抗坏血酸。4采用卡介苗整体致敏、脂多糖离体攻击构建大鼠原代肝细胞免疫性损伤模型，在体外观察类叶升麻苷的保肝作用。

Methods The shapes, sizes and adjacent structures of PPFs as well as channels (pterygomaxillar fissure, sphenopalatine foramen,foramen rotundum) were measured in 15 dry skulls (30 sides).

对15例(30侧)成人干性颅骨标本的翼腭窝及其通道(翼上颌裂、蝶腭孔、圆孔)的形状、大小及毗邻结构关系进行观察测量。

Granular corrosion products, surface corrosion pits, cracked and spalled passivation films are observed. The size of the corrosion pits is around several tens to several hundred nm in depth. After long testing time, lots of granular corrosion products ranging 200 to 300 nm in diameter are observed on the surface.

由即时撷取之不锈钢表面形貌影像发现，试片表面之平均粗糙度随著浸泡腐蚀时间增加而变大；试片表面之钝化膜亦被侵蚀破裂，试片表面之各种大小形态蚀孔亦能完整观察，蚀孔之深度自数十奈米至数百奈米不等。420SS於长时间浸泡腐蚀之后，表面生成直径约200至300奈米之颗粒状腐蚀生成物。

On the base of basic formula, it discussed effects of kinds and content of bubble nucleators on property of foaming materials, and observed and analyzed bubble structure.

在确定主要助剂最佳用量的基础上，探讨了泡孔成核剂种类、用量对发泡材料性能的影响，并对不同成核剂制得的材料泡孔结构进行了观察和分析。

In this paper the direction of blood flowing and electron scanning on the transverse section of gill have been described and four histochemistry methods have been used to describe the functions of three systems as mentioned above.

扫描电镜观察发现，入鳃血管的侧壁上有成列的卵圆形孔，这些孔与鳃丝相通。采用汞溴酚蓝等4种方法，对上述几种结构分别进行了组织化学研究。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。