观察

Use biochemical method to observe the effect of electro-acupuncture on AchE、SOD、MAO、NO、NOS of senile dementia AD rat's brain tissue; use immunohistochemistry technique to observe protein kinase expression of hippocampal; use optical and electron microscope to observe morphosis change of rat's brain tissue; use in situ hybridism technique to observe aspartate receptor mRNA expression of hippocampal; use water and electric maze experiment to observe rat escape latent period and mistake times, to understand it's learning and memory ability.

分别用生化方法观察电针对AD大鼠脑组织胆碱酯酶、超氧化物歧化酶、单胺氧化酶、一氧化氮、一氧化氮合酶的影响；用免疫组化方法观察海马组织蛋白激酶的表达；用光、电镜方法观察大鼠脑组织形态结构的变化；用原位杂交方法观察海马组织天门冬氨酸受体rnRNA的表达；用水迷宫和电迷宫实验观察大鼠逃避潜伏期和错误次数，以了解其学习记忆能力。

Subjectivity and social history etc. the factors causing the occurrence of observational error mainly include: observational subject, environment.

导致观察错误发生的致错因素主要包括：观察主体、观察客体、观察环境、观察仪器等等。

Observational error is difficult to avoid, but this doesn't mean the observational subject is full helpless in front of the observational error. If observational subject continuously optimizes hisself qualities, wipe out the localization of subject to the best us the activity that observational negative impact result in, at the same time, recognize the complexity of observational object well, the respect observational environmental role, select the pooropriate method and instruments, and form the good observational habit, observational error is to may be prevented.

观察错误虽然是难以避免的，但这并不意味着观察主体在观察错误面前，是完全无能为力的，观察主体如能不断优化其自身素质，尽量消除主体局限性对观察活动造成的负面影响，同时，充分认识观察客体的复杂性，重视观察环境的作用，选择适当的观察方法和观察仪器，养成良好的观察习惯，观察错误是有可能被避免的。

Observational error is that in observational course, observational subject, due to variety causcing error factors to disturb, has acquired related information observing. Object which fruquently do not match with the object of practical instance. So that he commits distort reflection is the oriqinal appearance of observational object. The observational error has some characters of objectivity.

观察错误实际上发生在观察主体自觉或不自觉地运用自身理论知识结构对观察客体的相关信息进行加工处理，进而作出观察结论的过程，而并非发生在观察客体进行直观反应的过程。

Its axial resolving power depends on the coherency of light source,even 10μm,and the depth it can cut through isn't limited by the eye's transparent diopter medium.You can observe the structure of not only optic anterior ganglion but also posterior ganglion.It has a brilliant applied prospect in the diagnosis of entoptic disease especially retinal disease,随访观察 and evaluation of treatment result.

OCT是超声的光学模拟品，但其轴向分辨力取决于光源的相干特性，可达10um，且穿透深度几乎不受眼透明屈光介质的限制，可观察眼前节，又能显示眼后节的形态结构，在眼内疾病尤其是视网膜疾病的诊断，随访观察及治疗效果评价等方面具有良好的应用前景。

After the cell growth curves was recorded, RPE cells of the 3-5th passages were utilized. 2、Three different siRNA (siRNAl,siRNA2,siRNA3) targeting against human cx43 gene and one negative control siRNA were designed and transfected into cultured human RPE cells via liposome reagent. The most effective siRNA can be determined by semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCRRT-PCR. 3、To the most effective siRNA, after transfected into human RPEs with different concentration, the cellular proliferate activities were messured by MTT colorimetry ; the percentages of RPE in different cell circle phase was assayed by FCM; the changes of phenotypical properities were observed with SCM; the protein expression of cx43 was studied through immunocytochemistry stain and Weston blot; the communication intercellular was calculated with FRAP; and the ability of recovery was assessed by using an in vitro wound healing model.4、The total proteins of siRNA1 and RPE were seperated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and visualized by silver staining. Proteins with significant expression alterations were selected and their peptide mass fingerprints (PMFs were obtained by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flying mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS).The PMFs were used to search NCBInr database by Auto MS-Fit software.

实验方法：1、培养原代的人RPE细胞，经过细胞角蛋白、S-100和神经胶质原纤维酸性蛋白免疫细胞化学鉴定后，通过AO/PI染色技术确定培养细胞的存活率，描记其生长曲线，第3-5代用于以下细胞实验2、生物合成针对人cx43基因的三条小干扰RNA和一条阴性RNA通过脂质体转染RPE细胞后，通过RT-PCR的方法确定抑制效率最高的干扰片断3、将该片段以不同浓度通过阳离子脂质体转染培养的人RPE细胞后，采用MTT法观察其对细胞的增殖力的作用；通过流式细胞仪观察其对细胞周期的影响；通过扫描电镜观察其对细胞形态的影响；通过免疫细胞化学和Weston blot观察其对cx43蛋白表达的作用；采用激光共聚焦和荧光淬灭恢复技术观察荧光恢复速率平均百分率，评价其对细胞间通讯功能的影响；通过制作RPE细胞损伤模型，观察其对损伤修复能力的作用4、分离纯化转染siRNA的RPE组和正常对照组RPE细胞的全部蛋白质，应用等电聚焦电泳和SDS-PAGE双向电泳技术，银染显示分离出的蛋白质斑点，经凝胶图像分析软件对两个样本进行胶图分析，寻找差异蛋白点。

The adipose derived stem cells of inbreds train of rat wereinduced to differentiate into schwann-like cells and the cells were injectedinto the acellular nerve allograff.The proliferation or adhersion of these cells on the graft were observed by inverted microscope or ScanningElectronic Microscope. Activity of cells were detected using MTT. 10mmnerve gap of inbreds train of rats in two group were bridged by tissue-engineered peripheral nerve or autogenous nerve, the effect wereappraised by naked eye, recovery rate of sciatic function index,nerve-electrophysiological, histology, Transmission ElectronMicroscopy and quantitative analysis of recovery rate of myelinated fiberpopulations,diameter of myelinated fiber and thickness of myelin sheat.

按照前述方法培养并诱导近交系大鼠脂肪干细胞向类Sehwann分化，将诱导分化的脂肪干细胞悬液注入已制备的去细胞同种异体神经支架管中，倒置显微镜观察细胞生长情况；扫描电镜下观察细胞在材料上附着情况；四唑盐比色试验测定细胞活性；取两组近交系大鼠，分别用组织工程化神经和自体神经桥接10mm神经缺损，通过大体观察、坐骨神经功能指数恢复率的测定、神经电生理的测定、组织学光镜观察、透射电镜观察、再生有髓神经纤维计数恢复率、神经纤维直径恢复率、髓鞘厚度恢复率的测定等指标评价实验效果。

The packed planes imply a cramped space (as John Locke's "Private Room of Mind"), either overly lit or too dim because of camera flash, and the observer behind the camera. The flat square disarranges the domain allotment between subject and object or the observer and the observed. The lack of depth gives the observer a superior status as a judge in a secretive trial that has been carefully arranged by the artist. The scene provokes a lot of doubt in the mind of the audience and they feel they are exiled.

尹朝辉的作品多以拥挤的画面象征忧郁狭小的房间（暗喻洛克John Locke的「心灵所在的私室」），光线过亮或不足、强烈急促的光影表现，隐喻了闪光灯和观察者的存在，压平的四方造型拉近且打乱了主体和客体／观察者和被观察者的场域分配，毫无景深的视觉提示则赋予房间内的主动观察者更高阶的审判者的地位，但艺术家刻意营造的匿名性却又将这一连串的审判过程私密化，徒留给被动观察者一连串的疑问，以及成为局外人的被抛弃感。

But "putting the observer into the system" fell into an infinite regress when therapists video-taped patients and then sociologists taped therapists watching the tape of the patients and then taped themselves watching the therapists....

但是基于&把观测者放进盒子里去&的思路，就堕入这样一个无止境的逆推怪圈：治疗师对病人录像观察，更上层的社会学家对治疗师录像观察病人的情况录像观察，社会学家的录像观察又被更高层次录像观察。。。。。。

But "putting the observer into the system" fell into an infinite regress when therapists video-taped patients and then sociologists taped therapists watching the tape of the patients and then taped themselves watching the therapists....By the 1980s the rolls of the American Society of Cybernetics were filled with therapists, sociologists, and political scientists primarily interested in the effects of observing systems.

但是基于&把观察者放进盒子里去&的思路，就陷入无限回归：临床理疗师对病人录像观察，然后社会学家对临床理疗师录像观察病人的情况录像观察，再接着观察社会学家的录像观察……到了20世纪80年代，美国社会控制论名单里就包括了临床理疗师、社会学者以及主要兴趣在观察系统的效用上的政治学者们。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。