覆盖

Based on the theoretical analysis of the sensing coverage property of the minimal dominating set, the relationship between point coverage and area coverage in geometric graph is established.

分析了节点覆盖与区域覆盖之间的关系，并给出了节点覆盖等于区域覆盖的充分必要条件。

But the vegetations changes in plain zone were slower.(4) Study on the driving forces and driving mechanism of the change of vegetation cover in HHH zone The farmland vegetation area received the common drive of climate and the society factors, but climate factors were the main driving forces for annual harvest crop or biannual irrigated and dry harvest crop, and society factors were the main driving forces for biannual harvest crop or biyearly tri-harvest dry crop.

4黄淮海地区植被覆盖变化驱动力与驱动机制研究不同植被覆盖类型，其NDVI变化的驱动力不同：一年一熟粮作区植被覆盖变化受到气候和社会经济因子的共同驱动，但以气候驱动为主；一年两熟或两年三熟旱作区植被覆盖变化受到社会经济和气候因子的共同驱动，但在主要驱动因子中，社会经济的影响更大一些；一年水旱两熟粮作植被覆盖变化主要受气候因子驱动，同时，社会经济因子也会在一定程度上影响植被NDVI的变化。

But the vegetations changes in plain zone were slower.(4) Study on the driving forces and driving mechanism of the change of vegetation cover in HHH zoneThe farmland vegetation area received the common drive of climate and the society factors, but climate factors were the main driving forces for annual harvest crop or biannual irrigated and dry harvest crop, and society factors were the main driving forces for biannual harvest crop or biyearly tri-harvest dry crop.

4黄淮海地区植被覆盖变化驱动力与驱动机制研究不同植被覆盖类型，其NDVI变化的驱动力不同：一年一熟粮作区植被覆盖变化受到气候和社会经济因子的共同驱动，但以气候驱动为主；一年两熟或两年三熟旱作区植被覆盖变化受到社会经济和气候因子的共同驱动，但在主要驱动因子中，社会经济的影响更大一些；一年水旱两熟粮作植被覆盖变化主要受气候因子驱动，同时，社会经济因子也会在一定程度上影响植被NDVI的变化。

The testing results indicate there is a visible regulating effect in soil temperature with crop residue cover.

试验结果表明，残茬覆盖对土壤温度有明显的调节作用，5、10、15、20 cm各层有覆盖相对于无覆盖分别增温1.5~2.1℃、0.9~1.2℃、0.2~0.9、0.4~0.8℃，随着土壤层的加深，覆盖对土壤温度的调节作用越来越小。4月20日至6月15日前后，随着覆盖量的增加，土壤温度开始升高，但覆盖量增加到一定程度后，土壤温度将下降，在6月20日以后，随着覆盖量的增加，土壤温度逐渐降低，其中30%覆盖相对于无覆盖，降低1.1~1.5℃，50%~80%覆盖降低2~3.6℃，而表土层降低幅度最大，沿深度方向幅度越来越小。

The invention uses one coverer as main coverer, to complete main synchronization, and generate synchronous instruct signal to be sent to each driven coverer of cover network system, to realize synchronization in whole system, and avoid using independent synchronous module, to reduce the cost.

本发明通过以一台覆盖设备作为主覆盖端，由该主覆盖端完成主要的同步处理功能后，生成同步指示信号传送至覆盖网络系统中的各个从覆盖端，以此在整个系统中实现同步，避免在各个覆盖端中采用独立的同步模块，从而使系统集成的成本大大降低，而且也简化了技术应用。

The invention relates to an external synchronous TD-SCDMA cover network system, which comprises a main coverer and at least one driven coverer forming the cover network system; said main coverer, via synchronizing the TD-SCDMA descending signal of descending chain, outputs descending-ascending switch control signal to the main coverer, to obtain frame synchronization; sending the synchronous instruct signal to the driven coverer; obtaining the frame synchronization at the driven coverer, via external synchronous instruction signal, to complete the normal ascending-descending time slit switch.

本发明外同步TD-SCDMA覆盖网络系统，包括组成覆盖网络系统的主覆盖端和至少一个从覆盖端，所述主覆盖端通过对下行链路中的TD-SCDMA下行信号进行同步处理，向主覆盖端输出上下行切换控制信号，获得帧同步；并将同步指示信号发送至从覆盖端，从覆盖端根据外同步指示信号进一步获得帧同步，从而完成整个覆盖网络系统的正常上下行时隙切换。

A series of theoretical and experimental studies on the microstrip patch antennas with dielectric superstrates is carried out systematically. Firstly, a comprehensive survey of the microstrip antenna technology and its theories are presented. Then, two analysis techniques, named as the spectral domain Green's function method and the spectral domain integral equation method are developed. The SDGF method is a simplified analysis technique, which takes advantage of the spectral domain immittance approach to find the dyadic Green's function for the stratified media, and obtains the complete closed-form formulas for radiation patterns, directivity, efficiency, gain etc. Some interesting calculated results are presented. The SDIE method is capable of determining resonant frequency, radiation characteristics, input impedance etc, for the covered microstrip patch antennas. Comparing with other full-wave analyses it reduced computation and mathematical labour remarkably. The singularities near the pole location of the surface-wave modes and the difficulty of the integral computation over infinite range of oscillating integrands are dealt with actively and documented well. Results predicted by the SDIE method agree extremely well with our experimental results for resonant frequencies of various superstrates. The superstrate effects on impedance and radiation characteristics also have been investigated experimentally so that the gap due to lack of measured data and computed results for multi-layered superstrate has been filled to some degrees and two useful observations have been achieved for weakening the resonant frequency shift and optimizing the microstrip antenna gain. As a meaningful application, the design and analysis of a 4×4 patch array are introduced.

实用微带天线普遍加介质覆盖层来防护热，物理损伤和环境影响，也可能在飞行或严酷气候条件下自然形成覆盖层本论文对带介质覆盖层的微带贴片天线系统地作了一系列理论和实验研究首先，对微带天线技术和理论作了全面的综述然后，发展了两种分析方法，称为谱域格林函数法和谱域积分方程法SDGF法是一种简化的分析技术，它利用谱域导抗法来求得分层媒质的并矢格林函数，并得出方向图、方向性系数、增益等参数的完整的闭式公式，给出了一些令人感兴趣的计算结果SDIE法能确定介质覆盖微带天线的谐振频率、辐射特性和输入阻抗等与其它全波分析方法相比，它明显减小了计算量和数学工作量已有效地处理了表面波模极点附近的奇异性和对振荡的被积函数的无限区间积分计算的困难对于不同覆盖层情况下的谐振频率，由SDIE法所预示的结果与我们的实验结果吻合得很好对于覆盖层对阻抗和辐射特性的影响也已作了实验研究这在某种程度上填补了缺少实验数据和计算结果之间的间隙，并得出了缓解谐振频率偏移和优化天线增益的两点有用的结论作为有意义的应用，介绍了一个4×4元矩形贴片天线阵的设计和分析。

F. pumila had the strongest capacity to adhere to walls, and it formed a quite good covering landscape by means of a large quantity of adventitious roots. Furthermore, it was tolerant to shade, and the effects of shading on its growth and landscape covering were very small. P. heterophylla had the rapidest growth and covering speed, and it adhered to walls by adhesive discs, but was defoliated in winter or after a long period of shading. The other three vines climbed walls using adventitious roots, and their adhering capacities were all relatively poor. However, E. fortunei still formed a relatively good covering due to its rapid growth and emerald leaf colour. After shading for four months, leaves of F, pumila, C. grandiflora, and P. serpens became thin, and accordingly their leaf weight per unit area significantly decreased. Shading also reduced chlorophyll contents of C. grandiflora and E. fortunei but enhanced those of F. pumila and P. serpens, It did not influence leaf thickness, leaf weight or chlorophyll content of P. heterophylla. Whether shaded or not, the relationship between Pn and PAR for each species could be expressed as y=alnx+b, and furthermore there was a significant (P.01) correlation between them. Pn and LCP values for all five lianas also significant (P.01) correlated. Shading reduced LCP values of P. heterophylla, C. grandiflora and E. fortunei but increased LSP of F. pumila.

结果表明，1薛荔对墙体附着力最强，它依靠大量的不定根吸固在墙体上，形成很好的覆盖效果，而且薜荔耐荫，遮光对其生长与覆盖的影响很小；爬墙虎的生长与覆盖速度最快，它主要依靠吸盘吸固墙壁，但在冬季或长时间遮光后出现明显落叶现象，影响其覆盖景观；其他3种都依靠不定根沿墙面攀援，附着力相对较差，但扶芳藤由于生长较快，叶色终年保持翠绿，也能形成相对较好的覆盖效果；2遮光4个月后，薛荔、凌霄和蔓九节的叶片变薄，相应地这3种植物单位面积的叶片重量都显著减轻；遮光还使凌霄和扶芳藤的叶绿素含量减少，使薛荔和蔓九节的增加，但对爬墙虎的叶片厚度、叶重和叶绿素含量都不产生明显影响；3无论遮光与否，5种植物的Pn与PAR之间的关系都可用y=alnx+b表示，并且都达极显著相关，Pn与光补偿点之间亦呈极显著相关；遮光还使爬墙虎、凌霄和扶芳藤的LCP下降，并使薛荔的光饱和点升高。

Results showed that the overland flow pattern has close relationship with the grass cover and water inflow rate, it changed from the laminar and tranquil flow to the transition flow and tranquil flow for the grass-covered sloping segment with increasing water inflow rate, but it was almost transition flow and tranquil or rapid flow for the sloping segment without grass cover.

结果表明，坡面流流态与放水流量和草被覆盖关系密切，随流量的增大草被覆盖断面坡面流流态由层流－缓流转变为过渡流－缓流，而无草覆盖断面的流态几乎都处于过渡流－缓流或急流状态；沟坡径流大都属于过渡流－急流状态，试验过程中，草被覆盖断面的径流雷诺数和弗汝德数变化很小，无草被覆盖断面径流的雷诺数呈逐渐增加趋势，而弗汝德数呈逐渐减小的变化趋势。

A method for retransmitting data in overlay route network include forming overlay route network by laying overlay network node in existing bottom layer network for providing totally transparent overlay route and data retransmission service between user hosts being switched in, packaging and retransmitting as well as unpackaging user IP packet in data retransmission course then sending it to destination host for raising end to end transmission performance.

覆盖路由网络中数据转发的方法属于覆盖网络中的路由和转发技术领域，其特征在于：通过在现有底层网络中部署覆盖网络路由节点形成覆盖路由网络，为接入的用户主机之间提供完全透明的覆盖路由和数据转发服务，在数据转发过程中，用户的IP分组被封装、转发、解封装，最终发送到目的主机，实验表明在较小规模的覆盖路由网络的全连接拓扑里，同时使用跳数受限机制寻找到的路由路径会比Internet路由性能更高，而且底层网络出现故障时，覆盖路由网络能迅速绕过故障区域，从而提高了端到端的传输性能。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了