要素

By conducting a questionnaire survey in China, this paper probes into the compensable factors of high degrees of approval and classifies the structure of these factors by SPSS to guide job evalution.

通过问卷调查，可了解人们心目中认可度较高的报酬要素；用统计分析的方法可对报酬要素的结构进行分类，以筛选有效的报酬要素，指导岗位评价的实践。

A compensable factor is crucial in determining degrees of approval of job evaluation as it reflects the contents and dimensions of job evaluation.

通过问卷调查，可了解人们心目中认可度较高的报酬要素；用统计分析的方法可对报酬要素的结构进行分类，以筛选有效的报酬要素，指导岗位评价的实践。

According to the research object and core, the competitory power of bio-industry, this thesis was unfolded from four aspects: Firstly, we put forward the competitory power of bio-industry theory, its concepts and categories, analytical frame and theories structure from analyzing its influence and determinant system; Secondly, appraisal models, based on deciding factors, composing factors and realizing factors, were respectively established, by using related mathematics method, cooperate theories, management and economics theories; Thirdly, according to the research on life cycle of bio-industry, we analyzed the characteristics and countermeasures of its competitory power changing at different stages; Fourthly, we focused on the core carrier of the bio-industry andits competitory power--the bio-industry cluster (life science industry park and biologicvalley), the bio-industry cluster theories and the park-area competitive factors and the capital market and the financing competition which are important drive factors of the competitory power of bio-industry. Firthly, making use of the evaluation model of bioindustrial competition ability, we carry on bioindustrial competition ability comparison of the United States and Chinas, and evaluate a substantial evidence.

针对本论文的研究对象和研究核心——生物产业竞争力，从五个方面展开研究：一是构建生物产业竞争力理论，提出和界定生物产业竞争力的概念和范畴，从影响和决定因素系统分析入手，研究生物产业竞争力的分析框架和理论结构；二是创建生物产业竞争力分析评价指标体系与模型，运用相关数学方法、协同理论、经济学和管理学理论，以生物产业竞争力的决定因素、构成要素和实现要素为依据，分别建立分析评价模型；三是研究生物产业竞争力生命周期，针对生物产业发展的不同阶段和特点，分析生物产业竞争力变化特点和应对策略；四是研究生物产业及其竞争力的核心载体——生物产业集群(生命科学产业园、生物谷)，研究生物产业集群理论和园区竞争要素，对生物产业竞争力的重要驱动因素——生物产业资本市场和融资竞争，进行分析探讨，并提出生物产业竞争的战略路径。

The paper bases on competency including personality, attitude, knowledge and skill of competency and so on. It adopts qualitative index and quantitative index and assesses the attitude, achievement, ability and potential across-the-aboard. The paper draws on fuzzy synthesis decision, analytic hierarchy process, fuzzy approximation and factors weight design and so on in fuzzy mathematic by dint of the research about management by objective, 360 degree feedback, key process indication and balance score card. We establish performance assessment index based on competency model and distribute different weigh. We can set the weight of different assessment index. At the same time, we must set assessment relation and corresponding weight considering different people. We also assign different weight to every assessment factors according to the require of corporation. Then we can go on assessing more particularly and compressively.

本论文基于能力素质模型，包括能力的人格、态度、知识和技能等要素，采用定性指标和定量指标，对员工的工作态度、业绩、能力和潜力进行全面考核，通过对目标管理、360度反馈评价法、关键绩效指标和平衡记分卡等考核方法的研究，独创引入模糊数学中的综合评定法、层次分析法、模糊贴近度以及要素权重设计等方法，以能力素质特征模型为基础确立绩效考核指标，利用主观经验法、层次分析法等确定各考核指标的权重，同时考虑到企业中不同人员的考核，还需要定出考核关系及其权重，同时还可以根据企业要求为各考核要素分配权重，这样更详细、更全面的进行考核，并借助软件工程，利用UML建模语言把整个软件系统化、模型化，采用。

According to the calculation of the relative contributiveness rate of elements and its attributes,the relative position and cause of formation of every element in system are analyzed,and the main elements are determined.

在此基础上，计算系统内各要素及其属性的系统贡献度，并以此为依据分析各要素在系统中所处地位及成因，确立了城市产业竞争力和城市政府管理力在UCS中的核心影响要素地位。

A number of research outcomes were concludedThe main conclusions: 1 the capital intensive, recourses intensive, scale-based benefit, high pollution and high industrial correlativeness are five most influential factors in paper industry; 2 theoretically, resources endowment, financing ability, quality of enterprise, structure of industrial organization, relevant industries, and the institutional environment are six key components of competitive power for regional paper industry. Among them, quality of enterprise, financing ability and the structure of industrial organization are the key elements for regional competition in paper industry; 3 the assessment of the competitiveness power of Fujian paper industry has showed that during 1999-2005, the competitiveness power of Fujian paper industry was stable; 4 financing ability and the structure of industrial organization have positive impact on the competitiveness power of paper industry; 5 The SWTO analysis shows that the advantage of Fujian paper industry is resource abundance, however, the disadvantages are financing ability and the structure of industrial organization.

主要结论有：①资本密集、资源密集、规模效益显著、污染型、产业关联度大等5个方面是造纸产业最为重要的5个特性；②从理论上分析，区域造纸产业竞争力的主要构成要素包括资源禀赋、融资能力、企业素质、产业组织结构、关联产业与制度环境等6个要素，其中企业素质、融资能力与产业组织结构是区域造纸产业的核心要素；③从福建省造纸产业综合竞争力的纵向测评结果来看，1999-2005年福建省造纸产业综合竞争力的表现较为稳定；④融资能力与产业组织结构对区域造纸产业竞争力具有显著的正向影响作用，它们是区域造纸产业竞争力最重要的影响因素；⑤根据SWOT分析结果表明，福建省在资源--对区域造纸产业竞争力影响有限的因素—拥有竞争优势，而在融资与产业组织结构等—对区域造纸产业竞争力有重要影响的因素-处于竞争劣势。

Information technology is believed to produce considerable influence on all of the five basic elements of an enterprise' s internal control system:(1 )"Horizontalization" of the enterprise' s organizational structure is possible, the control group becomes the best form of the enterprise' s autonomous control and the enterprise's control limit is expanded;(2) The range of risk control is enlarged, which increases the risk of the enterprise staff's involvement in decision-making and meanwhile provides an instrument for risk control;(3) The difficulty and complexity of internal control increases;(4) The enterprise information system gets vulnerable to illegal intervention;(5)The enterprise' s internal control takes the form of man-machine model.

企业内部控制是企业为保护其资产安全，保证信息的完整和正确，促进经营管理政策得以有效实施，提高经营效率，控制经营风险，防止舞弊行为发生，并进而实现企业目标的一项重要的管理制度与方法，它由控制环境、风险评价、控制活动、信息与沟通、监控等相互关联的五个基本要素构成。在信息技术环境下，企业内部控制系统的五个要素构成的框架体系并未发生实质性的改变，但企业信息环境的急剧变化，给企业内部控制带来了新的问题与挑战，影响并改变着企业内部控制要素的具体内容与表现特征。

For simplicity let us suppose that firm 1 has no monopsonistic power over any factors whose amount it can vary, so that supply curves of such factors are horizontal at prices of P'a, P'b,…, the prices that implicitly correspond to d'.

2为简化起见，假设厂商1对于生产要素（指它可以改变其使用量的任何生产要素）没有买方垄断权力，这样，这些要素的供给曲线，就是在d'点相应的价格P'a， P'b，…上的水平线。

The first element is: The income with possessory factor of production is equal to the contribution of factor of production.

第一个要素是：生产要素所有者的收入等于生产要素的贡献。

Under the perfectly free trade, outsourcing can make more profit than inhouse does no matter how big the products substitutability is while under the government's optimal trade policy, while subsidizing or tax the intermediate input productor, depend on the difference of products substitutability. If products substitutability is big, government would offer subsidy definitely, but if the substitutability of the products is very small, the government would not subsidize them but tax instead.

在完全自由贸易下，就本国与外国对於要素的需求而言，无论产品替代性大小皆为外购会比自己内制生产的利润还要大；政府的最适贸易政策下，政府对於厂商要素的补贴与否，端视产品替代性的大小，产品的替代性愈大，无论如何政府皆给予补贴，但如果产品的替代性很小，则政府不但不补贴，反而将会对於厂商课徵税额；而对於第三国进行最终财课税，将会使第三国进口的要素价格降低，达到抑制的效果。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。