要素

The shock of the permanent component of conditional variance is larger than the temporary component in Taiwan and England stock market.

而条件变的恒常要素与短暂要素的确存在，其中已开发国家中的英国及开发中国家的台湾为恒常要素的冲击效果明显大於短暂要素。

It is also found that both permanent and transitory components of the conditional variance really exist and the shock of the temporary component of conditional variance is larger than the permanent component. Because there is no limit up or down in ADR's secondary market, the temporary shock of stock return is larger than the permanent shock.

而在条件变的部分，确实存在恒常要素与短暂要素，而且短暂要素的冲击效果明显大於恒常要素，显然在没有涨跌停限制的ADR次级交市场中，一旦面市场资讯的冲击时，短期股价报酬之反映较长期得剧。

Methods of measuring the input components, their prices and output elements are given. We put forward some new methods in measuring components, including composite depreciation rate, equality working hours, and proxy of input resources. Using the mature methods of efficiency measurement and decomposition available, we make a detailed investigation into 4 listing companies of oil industry with a span of 12 periods. Basic conclusions we draw include: labor inputs affects oil field output mostly in China; China oil fields operates in a low technical efficiency level average of 0.61; Increasing difficulties with expanding output has the greatest influence on cost; Cost efficiency of China oil fields averages at 1.47; Total factor productivity of China oil fields averages at 10%, accounting for 79% of the total output growth rate of 12.6%; Frontier technology progress contributes the most to TFP of China oil fields with 17 percentage points.

本文沿用了已有文献中关于效率计量与分解的成熟方法，对我国三家油田上市公司与一家上市石油公司12个时期的技术效率与成本效率进行了详细的计量、分解与分析，得到的基本结论有：劳动力投入是影响我国油田上市公司产出的最重要的影响因素；油田的平均技术效率仅为0.61；产出项是影响成本的显著因素，这说明随着产出增加而出现的开采难度增加是导致开采成本增加的重要因素；油田的平均成本效率为1.47；全要素生产率的增长平均在10％左右，占到了产出平均增长率12.6％的79％，表明我国油田的生产率的提高主要是依靠全要素生产率的提高而实现的，只有21％左右的产出增长是依靠要素投入而实现的；前沿技术进步是油田全要素生产率增长的主要源泉，在2001～2004年期间，前沿技术进步对油田生产率的贡献高达17个百分点。

By comparison with the o ther distribution principle, it has such characters as the multiple dimension of distribution measure; the diversity of factor income form; inequality of its in come distribution.

较之其它分配方式，按要素贡献分配原则的特点是：要素分配尺度的多维性，要素收入实现形式的多样性，要素收入分配的不平等性。

By these analysis and research, it puts forward that the contradiction of agriculture production and big market is the base of system changing of agriculture industrialization; it is the basic way to system changing and organization innovating that it can provide enhancive organization system guarantees for the development of agriculture industrialization by promoting actively agriculture resources and production factors to become capital on the base of the present production factors system of ownership in country; it can promote modern agriculture to come into being by resolving thorough the contradiction of agriculture production and big market and satisfy socialization big production; The stock cooperative system is a direction of managerial organization innovation of agriculture industrialization because it can make production factors flow and be recomposed, and promote actively agriculture resources and production factors to become capital, and realize per capital to be accumulated, and satisfy socialization big production of agriculture.

通过这些研究和分析提出了：我国农业生产与大市场之间的矛盾是农业产业化制度变迁的基础；制度变迁和组织创新的基本途径是在现有农村生产要素所有制的基础上，通过农业资源及生产要素资本化的制度创新，为农业产业化经营提供强有力的组织制度保障，从根本性上解决农业生产与大市场之间的矛盾，满足社会化大生产的需要，推动我国农业向现代农业的转变；股份合作制能较好地促进不同生产要素的流动和重组，积极推动农业资源及生产要素资本化，实现单个资本向社会资本的转化，促进农业资本的积累，满足农业社会化大生产的需要，是农业产业化经营组织创新的基本取向。

Concept data model of MRGISDM analyses entity's character and relationship. Logic data model designs logical and geometric representation of entity and relathionship; physical data model designs the schema of classification and coding ,orgnization of layers,and physical storage structure.

在MRGISDM概念模型中确定了市政道路中需要表达的要素实体，提取出每个要素实体的属性，并描述出实体之间的关系；MRGISDM逻辑模型则把市政道路实体以及实体之间的关系表达成地理信息系统所能识别的方式，并用UML语言等工具描述成UML逻辑模型图；MRGISDM物理模型从市政道路要素的分类与编码、图层的组织以及物理表结构等几个方面来设计市政道路要素的组织和存储结构。

With analyzing structure features of sheet metal parts, the geometrical information model is built on the basis of the hierarchy of structure feature, structure element and geometrical element.

2分析了钣金零件的结构特征构成，建立了"结构特征—结构要素—几何要素"的三层几何信息模型，并采用树结构组织模型几何数据，分别给出了框肋零件、整体壁板零件和蒙皮零件的几何信息模型；分析了状态衍化中的结构要素变化类型和成形工序对结构要素变化的影响，采用加权图描述了状态衍化中结构树的变化；对应零件几何信息层次构成，建立了钣金零件结构特征的XML模式，分别举例说明了各层几何信息的XML表达，形成了基于XML的钣金零件数据表达方法。

The study establishes the compression of models and algorithms for vector graphics data on different basis, including on the basis of vector graphic factors of B spline curves in predecessors research; on the basis of rectangle graphic factors in main axis mode; on the basis of the application of Hough transform to polygonal line, ellipse and circle, so the study improves the models and algorithms of compression for vector graphic data.The compression for vector graphic data mainly studies the data of storing graphic factors.

本文研究的内容是：根据对以往各种曲线矢量数据压缩模型与算法的研究，建立了基于B样条的曲线矢量图形要素的数据压缩模型和算法；在前人研究的基础上，建立基于主轴模式的矩形图形要素的数据压缩模型和算法；本文作者将Hough变换应用到折线、圆及椭圆图形要素的矢量数据压缩上，在此基础上改进了基于Hough变换的折线、圆及椭圆图形要素的数据压缩模型和算法。

When researching the producer's behavior,such as factor input and output efficiency,using product function or cost function,researchers frequently ignore the economic inefficiency and assume that the productor can attain the production possibility frontier.

通常采用生产函数或成本函数研究生产者行为时，一般默认生产者总是在生产可能性边界安排生产，而忽略了由于产出的经济无效率所造成的偏差，这种偏差最终会影响要素替代弹性、要素最优配置及产出效率的准确测度。本文采用面板模型的三要素成本函数循环参数估计法，通过施加规模报酬不变的假设，估算了辽宁省工业部门二类行业的相对技术无效率、配置无效率程度及要素间的相对价格扭曲，并计算了资本、劳动、能源要素间的交叉替代弹性。

The process includes three subject elements and one related element.The subject elements are students, textbooks aud teachers.

这个过程包括三个主体要素和一个关联要素，主体要素是学生、教材和教师，关联要素是三个主体要素之间的相互关系。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。