要素

In a general equilibrium model, a tax on a single factor in its use only in a particular sector can affect the returns to all factors in all sectors.

在一般均衡模型中，对仅在某一特定部门使用的某种要素课税，可能影响到所有部门的所有要素的收益。

Thus, monks, there are twenty factors siding with skillfulness, and twenty with unskillfulness.

因此，比丘们，有二十要素为善，二十要素为不善。

The is applied by different formal means: sonata form, with already contrasting elements, whether you want to call it masculine and feminine, active and contemplative. You're already dealing with elements that are put in juxtaposition and in conflict with each other.

这是透过不同的形式而达到的；奏鸣曲形式，同时用的已经是对比的要素，不管你要称它为阴性或阳性、活跃或沉思都行，你处理的已经是将彼此冲突的要素并置在一起。

The main study areas are as follows: 1 The landscape classification system of the urban-rural ecotone is set up based on the studying on land-use type of urban area and rural area, and then it is used to establish a regional landscape data warehouse for deposition, modification and management; 2 A group of landscape structure and pattern indices and patch area spectrum analysis methods are used to describe the structural and heterogeneous characters of all the landscape elements from different aspects; 3 The temporal and spatial difference of the landscape pattern of main road belts of the research area are also analyzed with the same method. Their basic process and regularity of urban axial expanding of the southwestward of Shanghai City are initially knewn well; 4 According to the traits of the ecotone, the principles and basis of vegetation classification, the ecotone vegetation classification system is set up, its species constitute, community patch characters, the relationship between vegetation types and landscape categories are analyzed, meanwhile, the vegetation sample maps are made; 5 Based on above studies, some landscape ecological stratedies within the research area were discussed. The following are the results of this study

城乡交错带地区的景观分类，在对城市地区和农村地区的土地利用类型研究的基础上建立了城乡交错带的分类体系，并在此基础上用ARC＼INFO软件分时段、分区、分要素建立研究区的景观图形数据库，对数据进行存储、修改和管理；2）利用多种景观结构、格局指数和斑块面积谱分析方法，从不同的侧面对各种景观组分的结构以及区域的景观格局特征进行了分析，并对其成因进行了探讨；3）利用相同的分析方法，分析了城乡交错带中的城市干道两侧的景观格局特征的空间和时间分异情况，初步掌握上海城市西南轴向扩张的基本过程和规律；4）对城乡交错带中非独立的景观要素-植被，研究其遥感图象信息的基本特征，建立适合区域特点的植被分类体系，并在样区中建立了植被图形数据库和计算机制图，分析了植被景观种类组成、斑块等级等特征以及与不同景观的相互关系；5）在上述研究的基础上，对研究区内的景观生态对策进行了研究。

Each new factor introducedshould be merely a step-up of one already learned so that orderly, consistent progress can be made.

每一个新操作要素都是在前一个要素基础上的叠加，这样就能实现对飞机的有序、持续控制。

The fractal theory is discussed used in urban spatial morphology. From the psychologic cognition mechanism aspect, according to cognitive superincumbent process, the indexes system and research frame for quantitatively descriptive urban spatial morphology are constructed.

基于以上研究，笔者探讨了网络分析和特征值分析中的主要指标，即对线状要素描述的主要指标有：方向均值、关联矩阵、邻接矩阵、回路数H、β指数、α指数、γ指数等，对面状要素描述的指标有：圆形率、紧凑度、形状系数、标准面积指数、放射状指数等；并探讨了分形理论在城市空间形态研究中的应用，在此基础上，从心理学的认知机理出发，按照自上而下的认知过程构建了定量描述城市空间形态的指标体系和研究框架。

The basic theories of mathematical morphology for binary image are stated, and the most simple structure elements of morphologic transformation for binary images are proposed and proved. The geodetic morphologic transformation models are also developed. For the purpose of improving the speed of transformation in computer, the"set symmetric difference"is introduced to adapt each model. Some new morphologic filtering models and quantitative evaluating model of filtering effects in image processing are proposed, under the applied condition. The morphologic thinning methods are studied, and two new morphologic thinning models are developed. On the basis of analyzing the characteristics of mining maps, the image vectorizing tactics and a series of algorithms are proposed, including dynamic adaptive image thresholding using two thresholds, graphic and text separation, noise removal, and multi elements extracting models with mathematical morphology. Accuracy preserving compressed vectorizing model for image vectorization is put forward to generate vector data in multi layer.

论文对二值图象形态学的基础理论进行了较系统的阐述，提出并证明了二值图象处理中形态变换的最简单结构元素，并发展了测地形态变换模型；为了提高形态变换的计算机实现速度，引入了集合论中"对称差"的概念对各形态变换模型进行了改化；针对数学形态学在图象处理中的实际应用，提出了新的形态滤波模型及滤波效果的度量评价模型；研究了形态细化方法，提出了快速形态细化和保形快速形态细化算法；在研究矿图基本特征基础上，提出了人机协同矿图扫描图象矢量化处理策略及一系列扫描图象处理算法模型，包括双阈值动态自适应图象二值化、图文分离、噪声去除、图面多种要素提取形态变换模型等；在图象栅格—矢量转换中，提出了保精度压缩矢量化模型，以生成分层要素矢量数据。

An algorithm for extracting features with symmetric figure, such as buildings and so on, from binary image, as well as a measurement of image matching.

4，地形图二值图象中具有对称形状要素的提取方法，以及一种图象匹配的量度，实现了地形图中具有对称形状要素的建筑物、构筑物的提取。

Regional spatial layout is a dynamic process of regional spatial structure, i.e. economic and non-economic factors are territorially collocated with the guide of strategic plans.

区域空间布局是区域空间结构的动态调整过程，即在战略性规划的指导下，对各类经济要素和非经济要素的地域配置过程。

This paper mostly use normative method to study professional judgment, including basic theory of auditing professional judgment, professional judgment"s new characteristic and significance which based on the modern risk-based audit, the new auditing mode"s further request to professional judgment.

本文主要采用规范研究的方法，对注册会计师职业判断风险相关的含义及形成机制、职业判断风险的构成要素进行具体分析。最后在分析具体风险要素现状的基础上提出了如何防范或降低注册会计师职业判断风险的措施。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷