西藏

Science teacher, Trixie Siemens spent time getting to know the Tibetan teachers and appreciated the opportunity to discuss their hopes and vision for the educational system.

自然科学老师Trixie Siemens花了很长的时间接触西藏老师。他非常珍惜和西藏老师讨论对教育系统的期望，展望教育未来的机会。

Section One narrates Eastern India Company's trade attempt on Tibet and its plot of invasion Tibet at the end of 19th century and the beginning of 20th century, including George Bogle's mission to Tibet: collecting intelligence espionages and "the first contact with Panchen lama"; Samuel Tunner's mission and the pause of British direct contact with Tibet; Other British explorers' movement of collecting intelligence and its affection on the Raj's decision-making; Curzon and Francis Younghusband's times: Britain Empire invaded Chinese Tibet in force.

第一部分：叙述了19、20世纪之交英国&东印度公司&在中国西藏的贸易企图及侵藏阴谋。主要内容包括：博格尔使藏：收集情报活动及与班禅喇嘛的&第一次接触&；忒涅的出使与英国对藏直接联系的中止；其他英国探险者的情报收集活动对英印政府决策的影响；寇松和荣赫鹏的&时代&：英国武装侵略中国西藏时期。

This dissertation is divided into three parts as follows: Section One narrates Eastern India Company's trade attempt on Tibet and its plot of invasion Tibet at the end of 19th century and the beginning of 20th century, including George Bogle's mission to Tibet: collecting intelligence espionages and "the first contact with Panchen lama"; Samuel Tunner's mission and the pause of British direct contact with Tibet; Other British explorers' movement of collecting intelligence and its affection on the Raj's decision-making; Curzon and Francis Younghusband's times: Britain Empire invaded Chinese Tibet in force.

主要内容包括：博格尔使藏：收集情报活动及与班禅喇嘛的&第一次接触&；忒涅的出使与英国对藏直接联系的中止；其他英国探险者的情报收集活动对英印政府决策的影响；寇松和荣赫鹏的&时代&：英国武装侵略中国西藏时期。第二部分：英印政府入藏骨干分子的活动对英国西藏政策的影响。

Alai dont care much about Tibetan lives since he put many to death himself when he ruled Tibet.

L在他统治西藏的时候就搞死了很多人，他根本不关心西藏人的生命。

Over the years, the state has increased fiscal imput in Tibet to accelerate its economic development and improve the livelihood of its farmers and herdsmen.

国家这些年也加大对西藏的财政投入，加快西藏经济建设的步伐，努力改善农牧民的生活。

There has grown up in Tibet a pro-Chinese party, traditionally headed by the PANCHEN LAMA, which relies on Chinese aid to make head against the claim of the DALAI LAMA to be supreme ruler of the country; this party is powerful when the central Government of China is strong, but its leaders go into exile when the DALAI LAMA and his supporters throw off Chinese influence.

在西藏一个亲中的政党已得到发展，一直由班禅喇嘛领导，他依靠中国的资助回击自称西藏最高领导人的达赖喇嘛。当中国政府强大的时候班禅喇嘛的政党就强大，不过当领导人逃亡时达赖喇嘛及其支持者摆脱了中国的影响。

Chapter 9 summarizes the prevalent auguries in Tibet. Three auguries are elaborated in details: twitter augury, dice augury and Tibetan magic square augury.

第九章主要对于西藏流行的占卜术加以概述，并对于其中三类占卜术：鸟鸣占卜、鹘子占卜和西藏九宫占进行详细的讨论和分析。

As for Tibet, Britain's role in the former serf-based system was assumed after the communist takeover by the CIA, which bankrolled the Dalai Lama's operations for many years.

关于西藏，在共产党接管西藏之后，英国政府在这个农牧制的体系的地位已经被CIA取代。长期以来，CIA为达赖喇嘛的行动提供财政支持。

Objective summing up and analysis of these lessons and experience, exploring and grasping the natural laws on the development and governance of Tibet is of profound and far-reaching importance for the comprehensive management on the work concerning Tibet scientifically, ensuring a leap-forward development and promoting the long-term order and security of the society Providing a systemic summary of and review on the evolutionary development of Tibet, this thesis broaches up several basic principles and experience to be observed in governing Tibet based on the summary of the philosophies, policy and institutional framework and major applied measures taken by the central government during different historical phases.

客观地总结分析这些经验教训，探询和把握西藏发展和治理的规律性，对于以科学发展观统筹西藏各项工作，顺利推进跨越式发展，促进长治久安都有着极其深远的意义。

Denigrated the Central Government's efforts to propel Tibet's modernization as the "elimination of Tibet's ethnic characteristics"

把中央政府推动西藏现代化进程说成是&消灭西藏的民族特性&

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。