西欧

During the transitional period from the medieval times to modern times in West Europe, the supernaturalistic and irrationalistic Christian concept of theocracy of the Middle Ages gradually gave way to emotional pursuit of secular, naturalistic and rationalistic values.

在西欧由中古向近代过渡阶段，中世纪出世的、超自然主义的、非理性主义的基督教神权观念始逐渐让位于新兴市民阶级入世的、自然主义的、理性主义的价值情感追求。

In the course of this sifting some true Israelites remained in western Europe, enabling British Israelitism to claim members in Germany, the Netherlands, and other parts of the Anglo - Saxon world.

在这一过程中筛选一些真正的犹太人仍然在西欧，使英国向Israelitism要求成员在德国，荷兰，和其他地方的盎格鲁-撒克逊人的世界。

In the course of this sifting some true Israelites remained in western Europe, enabling British Israelitism to claim members in Germany, the Netherlands, and other parts of the Anglo - Saxon world.

在这个过程筛选一些真正的以色列人仍然在西欧，使英国israelitism要求成员在德国，荷兰，和其他部分的盎格鲁-撒克逊人的世界。

Mention food and drink , be that food , vegetable , fish and flesh are that Japanesque non-staple food meal burns, and the Western Europe Chinese meal popularizes also very much like not only give first place to rice, before Japan can sample to rich various meal food.

说到饮食，不仅是以大米为主食、蔬菜、鱼与肉为副食的日本式餐点，而且西欧中国餐点一般也很普及，在日本可以品尝到丰富多样的餐食。

Cooking culture introduces Japan Mention food and drink , be that food , vegetable , fish and flesh are that Japanesque non-staple food meal burns, and the Western Europe Chinese meal popularizes also very much like not only give first place to rice, before Japan can sample to rich various meal food.

日本饮食文化介绍说到饮食，不仅是以大米为主食、蔬菜、鱼与肉为副食的日本式餐点，而且西欧中国餐点一般也很普及，在日本可以品尝到丰富多样的餐食。

Seven grapevine cultivars originated from different regions, i. e.'Carbernet Sauvignon' and'Queen of Vineyard'(two members of the Western Europe Cultivars Group),'Rizamat'(a member of the East Cultivars Group),'Red Double Taste'(a hybridized cultivar from Vitis vinifera L. and V. labrusca L.),'1103Paulsen','Red Globe'and 'Autumn Royal'(two new hybridized cultivars between cultivars groups which were warmly planted in recent years) were selected. After different drought stress, a combined measurement of gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence was conducted to evaluate the effects of drought stress to photoinhibition, as well as the role of photorespiration and xanthophyll cycle in photoprotective mechanism. After photorespiration and xanthophyll cycle were separately inhibited, the complementary effect of these two photoprotective pathways was discussed. Detached leaves of different grapevine cultivars, i. e.'Cabernet Sauvignon','Cabernet Franc','Merlot', and a rootstock,'1103Paulsen'were selected as materials, and photoinhibition degree, photorespiration activity as well as its photoprotective function under drought stress were studied. The results are as follows: 1. Under the same drought stress treatment, different photoinhibition degrees formed in different grapevine cultivars.

本研究选择不同起源地的葡萄品种－－包括西欧品种群的赤霞珠和葡萄园皇后、东方品种群的里扎马特、欧美杂种红双味、美洲种砧木1103Paulsen，以及近年来发展较快的品种群间杂交新品种红地球和皇家秋天等七个品种盆栽苗，在进行不同程度的干旱胁迫处理后，利用气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光参数同步测定的方法，研究干旱对其光抑制程度的影响，以及光呼吸和叶黄素循环组分在其光保护中的作用；并在分别抑制光呼吸和叶黄素循环的基础上，探讨了赤霞珠葡萄两种光保护机制的互补效应；同时选择不同的酿酒葡萄品种赤霞珠、品丽珠、梅鹿辄和砧木1103Paulsen的叶片，研究其离体干旱条件下光抑制程度、光呼吸活性及其光保护作用，结果发现： 1。

As to'Cabemet Sauvignon'and'Queen of Vineyard', which belong to the'West Europe Cultivars Group', no obvious decline of Fv/Fm was found in their potted plants even under severe drought stress. Their photosynthetic abilities also greatly recovered after rewatering, i. e. no serious photodamage was formed in these cultivars under drought stress. Between them, the φPSⅡ of 'Queen of Vineyard'under severe drought stress was much lower than that of'Cabernet Sauvignon', which suggested that the light use efficiency of the former was much lower than the latter under severe drought stress. The potted plants of'Autumn Royal'and'Rizamat' sustained high Fv/Fm and φPSⅡ before moderate drought stress, but seriously declined under severe drought stress, which indicated that these cultivars had a weak resistant ability to extreme drought stress. A hybridized cultivar of Vitis vinifera L. and V. labrusca L.,'Red Double Taste', its Fv/Fm and φPSⅡ expressed mild decline along drought stress grade.φPSⅡ of'Red Double Taste'was the highest among seven cultivars under severe drought stress condition, which might closely connected with its high photorespiration activity. Another new cultivar,'Red Globe', and a rootstock,'1103Paulsen', the Fv/Fm and φPSⅡ of their potted plants declined markedly under slight drought stress, which suggested that they held a weak ability to defend against photoinhibition.

西欧品种群的赤霞珠和葡萄园皇后，其盆栽苗的Fv／Fm直到重度干旱胁迫下仍没有明显的降低，且复水后光合能力恢复程度较高，即干旱没有给这两个品种造成严重的光破坏，而两个品种之间，葡萄园皇后在重度干旱胁迫下的φPSⅡ明显低于赤霞珠，说明其光合器官在严重干旱胁迫时对光能的利用率较差；新品种皇家秋天和东方品种群的里扎马特在中度干旱胁迫下仍可维持较高的Fv／Fm和φPSⅡ，但在重度干旱胁迫下则降低幅度较大，说明其抵御极端干旱胁迫的能力较差；欧美杂种红双味的Fv／Fm和φPSⅡ随着干旱胁迫程度的增加呈现平缓的下降趋势，而且其φPSⅡ在重度干旱胁迫下是七个品种中最高的，这应该与其此时仍维持较强的光呼吸活性有关；红地球和砧木1103Paulsen的Fv／Fm和φPSⅡ在轻度干旱胁迫下就明显下降，表明干旱条件下其抵御光抑制的能力较差。

Karl Mank had fully estimated the important position and historical role that thenew borucities would play as the result of the industrial revolution early whensuch a revolution swept the west of Europe.

早在工业革命浪潮开始席卷西欧时，马克思就充分估价了伴随工业革命而崛起的城市的重要地位和历史作用。

The Maurist Congregation of Benedictines which flourished in France during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries was the supreme example of this type of monastic industry, but similar works on a less extensive scale have been undertaken in every country of western Europe by monks of all orders and congregations, and at the present time (1910) this output of solid scholarly work shows no signs whatever of diminution either in quality or quantity.

该教会的Maurist其中蓬勃发展本笃在法国期间， 17和18世纪是最高的例子这种类型的寺院的产业，但类似的工程，那麼大规模开展了在每个国家西欧的僧侣的所有命令和教会，并在本时间（ 1910年）这一产出的固体学术工作没有迹象显示任何的减少无论是在质量和数量。

Many abbeys became the land of cultural assembly and the centre of education. The monastical economy boom enhanced the political statues of the monks. The monks extended their influence both in religious circle and monastical political circle....

为争夺教会财富，政教之争加剧；经济实力的膨胀提高了修士的政治地位，对西欧政治制度的发展产生深远影响；财富的迅速增长加速了隐修运动走向没落的步伐。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新