西方的

Actually, if we want to seriously discuss about 'Modernity', we'll find out that this issue has an awkward situation in China. Let's forget about the sociological issues and let's simply start from visual arts. The old generation of artists who brought western arts to China, actually brought along western classic arts academism that is just small part of western classic art, and it's far of being exhaustive. Furthermore, what they brought along went through many changes due to the contact with revolutionary realism and local culture. The result of this process was what was called "Modern Art" in China. After having arrived in China, a part of the western artistic academicism became "Chinese Modern Arts" and this misplacement still exists. Perhaps it comes from a creative misreading, however whether it has the capability of becoming an independent system or not, still remains uncertain.

事实上，当我们想认真的讨论"现代性"时，就会发现这一问题在中国有着极其尴尬的处境，且不谈社会学角度，从视觉艺术这个很小的角度切入，将西方艺术带入中国本土的老一代艺术家们带来的其实是西方学院派的艺术，是西方古典艺术的尾巴或被革命现实主义化了的西方古典艺术，而被带入中国本土后却被称为"现代艺术"，直至今日当代艺术在西方的学理支撑到了中国本土变成了被断章取义的只言片语，这其间"错位"一直存在着，或许这是一种有创造性的误读，但误读的主体是否具有独立消化能力的系统值得商榷。

The images of China have contributed discursively as the symbol of cultural utopia to construct the experiences of Western modernity.The images of China appeared in three stereotypes and represented different facets of meaning in early modern times.

研究西方的中国形象，不是研究中国文化，而是从一个侧面、一个角度研究西方的文化史或观念史，在中西跨文化空间中探讨西方现代性的生成过程与意义。

This has deeply influenced the western academia and news field, they judge China in many different ways and they have different emotions, China and the west need to get adapted to each other, which requires a long period full of resistance, adjustment and tensity.

自从向西方开放以来，中国一直被西方看作是一个令人困惑的民族，神秘和深奥超乎西方想象，这给西方的学术界和新闻界带来深刻影响，他们对中国的判断十分复杂，充满各种情绪，中国和西方需要彼此适应，这要有一个较长的时期，其间充满抗争、调整和紧张。

The first part deals with the question of the 'West', as it is rehearsed again in the postcolonial discursive strategies. Here, the essay confronts the historical question of the West and to pinpoint understandable but unnecessary obsession with the question of the west, and then point towards the imaginary Asia as a possibility to shift its referent point.

第一部分首先处理长期存在的所谓「西方问题」，透过近期后殖民论述中面对西方的论述姿态及策略，点出向亚洲转向是偏执于批判西方的出路。

The rationalist mode of thinking, as one of the important characteristics of the Western culture , has led to the development of scientific management and deep influence on modern western management.

西方文化传统中特有的理性主义思维方式不仅决定了科学管理在西方的出现，而且对现代西方管理产生了深远的影响

In the Renaissance,which from Italy in 14 century,over the west in 15-16 century, librated the western from the medieval feudal system and the domination of the church thearchy.

在西方14世纪源于意大利、15至16世纪遍及西方的文艺复兴运动，使西方从中世纪的封建制度与教会神权的统战下解放出来。

It follows that it is both important and necessaryfor us Chinese scholars to approach the problem of translation from our special perspectives, and in the meantime have a good understanding or western and other translation theories, before finally integrating them into a translation theory of universal validity.

西方的翻译理论工作者通过努力似乎已经构筑了一个以西方翻译理论为基础的通天塔，我们现在解构这个通天塔，目的并非是用具有中国特色的翻译理论去取而代之，而是在东、西方和其他翻译思想的基础上构筑世界翻译学，重建通天塔。

The writer however never explains who constructed this problem and the perpetrators behind it...western ideas, western lifestyles, western eating habits, western industrial models, western agricultural models, western commerce model ...western culture, encroaching like cancer cells on China. It is a pity that even the West has already swallowed its own bitter fruit, and also knew what the problems were, yet, many have come to China with a drive of profit, practice cheatingly those business conducts which are even banned in their own countries. The situation is just like the illegal opium trade about 200 years ago. It has caused China a new poisonous addition.

但作者并没有说明制造这个问题的幕后黑手…西方的思维、西方的生活方式、西方的饮食习惯、西方的工业模式、西方的农业模式、西方的商业模式…西方文化如癌细胞似的在侵害著中国；可恨的是西方已偿到苦果，亦知问题所在，很多甚至在其国家被禁的行为，但在利益推使下都跑来中国，或哄或骗的在中国发展起来，有如二百年前的鸦片一样，令中国中毒上瘾。

Western scientists have for the most part been culture blind to the ways in which their science and they themselves have been occidentalized, and doubly blind to how the occidentalisms infecting science have been shaped by the West's role in world political economy, and the political economy of the West 'itself'.

西方的科学家已经在绝大部分程度上对科学以及他们自己西方化的方式中的文化视而不见，更是双重地对受到西方论感染的科学是如何被西方在世界政治经济体系中的角色，以及西方自身的政治经济角色所塑造，视而不见。

The mode is formulated on the strength of the classification theory of law and order and the fact that China is building a "Welloff Society"in an allround way.

正因为法治理想源自西方，因此，在人们的心目中，一提法治，自然而然就想到西方的法治模式，并以西方法治模式为常态来衡量法治的形态。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。