西方地

Painting which is the mainstream of the western art is extremely representational in the aspect of the space concept. But relieves combine the paintings'complanation with sculptures'extensity .so we decide to research the process of the evolvement and the interaction between paintings and sculptures. We expect to discuss the space and art expression in the western art and relieve ,so I can have a further comprehension about the space of optical art. The comprehension can not only help us understand the traditional western paintings and relieves better, but also make us comprehend the space concept of modern art better, to set the artistic creations of contemporary paintings and relieves into action.

油画，作为西方绘画的主流形式，在空间形态的表现上极富代表性，而浮雕兼具绘画的平面性与雕塑的实体空间性，因此，我选择研究油画与浮雕在空间上的演变过程及其相互影响，以期可以从一个侧面来探讨西方绘画与浮雕中的空间观和艺术形态表现，从而对视觉艺术的"空间"有更深一个层次的了解，这不仅有利于我们理解传统的西方油画和浮雕，也能使我们更好地理解现代艺术的空间观念，进而更好的推动当代的油画和浮雕创作。

He extended the theory of Depth Psychology into the study and criticism of novels , affirmed the human significance and modern aesthetic value of psychological novel , and revealed the psychological nature of the history of Western fiction from the phenomenon of the unconsciousness . Freud s theories pounded at the novel writing principle of Western Classicism , and affected the theoretical position and the writing concept of modern Western novelists .

从20世纪初期起弗洛伊德就在小说观念领域悄然发动了一次革命，他把自己的"深层心理学"理论延伸到了小说理论研究和批评之中，明确肯定了"心理小说"的人性意义和现代审美价值，并从"无意识"表现的历史存在揭示了西方小说史的心理学本质，对西方古典主义的小说创作原则造成了极大的冲击，有力地影响了西方现代小说家的理论立场和创作观念。

Just because that we adopted the attitude of pragmatism while absorbing the western culture and thoughts, so shielded the redemption consciousness of western culture and sacrifice spirit; shielded the loftiness of tragedy and Bacchus spirit of Dionysos; shielded the western wise man's criticism spirit of self-subversion against metaphysics; shielded the artists 'courage of confronting reality and fearless art experimentation spirit.

正是由于我们在吸纳西方文化思想过程中急切地采用了实用主义的态度，因而屏蔽了西方文脉中的救赎意识、牺牲精神；屏蔽了悲剧崇高及狄奥尼索斯的酒神精神；屏蔽了西方哲人对"形而上学"自我拆解、自我颠覆的批判精神；屏蔽了艺术家勇于对抗现实以及大无畏的艺术实验精神。

In the west, drinking alcohol in the song we can realize that the most

在西方地饮酒诗、饮酒歌里俺们能体会到那种最

Sweet and low , sweet and low,Wind of the western sea,Low, low, breathe and blow,Wind of the western sea!

轻轻地，柔和地，轻轻地，柔和地，西方吹来海风；轻轻地，柔和地吹拂，西方吹来海风！

William Muirhead's Universal Geography was published by London Missionary Society Mission Press in 1853 - 1854. As a first Western geographical encyclopaedia of Chinese edition, it systematically introduced geology, physical and human geography, regional geography, and also provided some basic knowledge of climatology, hydrology and ethnology to the Chinese.

作为第一部中文版的西方地理学百科全书，该书较为系统地向中国人介绍地质、自然地理、人文地理、区域地理的知识，也介绍了气候学、水文学和人种学的一些基本知识，其中"地史论"较早详细地介绍了荷马、希罗多德、马可·波罗、洪堡等一些西方著名的地理学家。

The traditional concept that oversimplify the world cultures into the eastern and the western should be changed.

人们习惯地把世界文化简单地分为东、西两大板块，并形成一种刚性的研究模式，譬如东方哲学与西方哲学，东方文学与西方文学，东、西方宗教、文化等等。

The cultural conflict between the West and theEast in this phase was beyond the former Slav faction andWest European faction that either Slavonization orEuropeanization and later populism that simply added Westernculture to Russia's tradition but combined the Western culturewith national traditions dialectically,so that propelled the socialprogress effectively and practically,delt better with the problemabout the conflict and combination of the Western culture andEastern culture provided scientific inspiration for one's owncountry and others backward in economy and culture.

这一时期的东西方化冲突超越了以往的斯拉夫派与西欧派要么斯拉夫化、要么欧化、或后来的民粹主义将西方文化简单加在俄国传统上的形式，而将西方文化与本国传统辨证地结合起来，从而有效而可行地推动了社会的进步，比较好地处理了东西文化冲突与结合的问题，为本国和其他经济文化落后国家的发展提供了科学启示。

Western scientists have for the most part been culture blind to the ways in which their science and they themselves have been occidentalized, and doubly blind to how the occidentalisms infecting science have been shaped by the West's role in world political economy, and the political economy of the West 'itself'.

西方的科学家已经在绝大部分程度上对科学以及他们自己西方化的方式中的文化视而不见，更是双重地对受到西方论感染的科学是如何被西方在世界政治经济体系中的角色，以及西方自身的政治经济角色所塑造，视而不见。

The Disseminating of western aesthetical trend in China originated from the spreading of culture by the priests; developed by Chinese intellectuals' initiative translation of western psychology, educational psychology and philosophy; thrived by Chinese intellectuals' great translation of the outstanding aesthetes' ideal and wrote aesthetical books by themselves.

西方美学思想在近现代中国的译介始于西方传教士的向中国传播西方文化的活动，发展于中国知识者对西方心理学、教育学、哲学思想的主动译介，兴盛于中国知识界大量而系统地译介著名西方美学家的美学思想，以及中国美学家写出的一系列自成理论体系的美学论著。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。