西方国家的

The theory adapted to the demand of Hesperian scale expansion of higher education, and supplied an instruction about scale expansion in the argument of higher education developing direction for Occident, effecting the higher education's diversification.

它适应了当时西方社会高等教育扩大规模的要求，为当时欧美国家关于高等教育发展方向的论争提供了一个关于规模扩张的理论导向，对高等教育走向多样化有深远影响。

In the course of reformation,most of Islamic countries take up eclecticism that curtent Islamic laws neither link up with western legal systems completely nor break from traditional religion systems thoroughiy,but compromising and consolidating with the development of material civilization and with the immovability of preserving believes.

在改革中，大多数伊斯兰国家选择的是折衷主义：使现实的伊斯兰法既不与西方世俗法体系完全挂钩，也不与传统的宗教制度彻底决裂，而是跟随物质文明发展与维护信仰不变方面达成了妥协和统一。

The inexpensiveness and effectiveness of natural cures and the cultures that practice them, such as the Chinese, are a direct threat to the stranglehold that the western medical system has on this country and most of the world.

本廉的效力自然疗法和文化的实践，如中华，是一个直接威胁到束缚说，西方的医疗体系，对这个国家以及世界上的大多数。

In terms of the nature of the Malay regime and its ruling ideology, I divide the pre-independent history of Malaysia into three periods: Hinduization, Islamization, and colonization. To analyze the last two periods, I use a threefold framework: the state, intermediate religious institution, and local society. The focus is on the relationship between the institutionalization of Islamic tradition by the Malay sultan and the Britishcolonial regime and the formation of the Malay Islamic identity. I conclude that the process of Islamization paved the way for the Malay nationalist movement in the early 20th century.

故由此角度出发，全文依政权性质及统治意识型态为准，将前独立时代的马来西亚历史区分成三个阶段：印度教化时期，伊斯兰化时期，西方殖民时期；後两个阶段分别依从上至下的三个层面加以分析：国家，宗教次级团体，民间社会，以便研究马六甲苏丹政权与英国殖民政权的统治者如何以一套行政法制措施强化马来人之伊斯兰认同，直到二十世纪初，终至激发了马来统治菁英与知识份子所主导，以伊斯兰教做为文化认同基础之民族主义运动。

"China isn't just about low cost anymore," he concluded. As the world economy cycles and China's wages grow, companies won't jettison China.

"中国不再只是单纯的低成本的国家，"他总结道，随着世界经济的周期性发展以及中国国内薪资的增长，西方公司不会对中国视而不见。

Say from particular significance, the history that western economy grows, it is thoughts of national intervention creed and economy latitudinarian thoughts is contrary, the history of fight and development.

从一定的意义上说，西方经济发展的历史，是国家干预主义思潮和经济自由主义思潮对立，斗争和发展的历史。

Based on review of late theories, we will try to construct a new comprehensive theory in the light of national stability and opulence.

本文将在综述西方民族理论的基础上，从国家稳定和发展的目的出发，阐述一种综合的理论尝试。

The fifth part of this paper discusses the comparative advantages of Chinesemanufacturing in international division, including the differences of Chinese andwestern manufacturing abilities and productivity. The comparative analysis of Chinese and East-Asia countries comparative advantages is a most important originative idea.

重点分析了中国与西方发达国家制造业的生产能力和效率水平，对中国制造业相对于东亚新兴工业化国家所特有的比较优势分析是这部分的新创造。

Restorative justice is well developed in western countries and is of great reference value to China in the development of the criminal justice sy...

恢复性司法已在西方诸多国家得到充分的发展，对我国的刑事司法实践同样也有着重要的借鉴意义。

Ultimately for China, becoming a major world innovator -- and by extension, a robust economic power -- is not just about setting up partnerships with top Western universities or roping off elites and telling them to think creatively.

最终，中国要成为世界上一个主要的创新国家，并进一步成为一个有活力的经济强国，单靠和西方顶尖大学建立合作关系或是将精英人才圈起来要他们去有创造性地思考是不够的。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。