西方国家

Without engaging in critical analysis, and responding the to demands to save their nation, the youth rampantly discarded Confucianism as containing anything viable to resolve China's dilemma, and sought to embrace a veritable plethora of competing western ideologies and doctrines.

在没有进行任何批判性的分析和没有回应如何挽救国家的前提下，五四青年们把猛烈抨击和摒弃儒家思想的行为作为一种解决中国当时困境的最可行方法，并寻求一个真正可以包含众多西方意识形态和教义的方法。

According to review the history of western higher education, we find that middle age's university is content to the need of social specialty;renaissant university is content to the aspiration of humanism;in science education phase, university is content to pursue pure knowledge;in technical education phase, university is content to the development of society and country.

通过对西方高等教育的历史考察，我们发现：中世纪大学主要是满足当时的社会专业需求而存在；文艺复兴时期的大学为了人文主义的抱负而存在；科学教育阶段的大学是为纯知识的追求而存在；技术教育阶段的大学为社会和国家的发展而存在。

In an article first published in Foreign Affairs in 1993 and then expanded into a book, Huntington foresaw the shape of the post Cold War world. The war of ideologies would yield to a civilizational struggle of soil and blood. It would be the West versus the eight civilizations dividing the rest—Latin American, African, Islamic, Sinic, Hindu, Orthodox, Buddhist, and Japanese.

最初发表在1993年&外交事务&杂志上的一篇文章就是《文明的冲突》的雏形，而在那篇文章中亨廷顿已经预见到了后冷战时代的世界格局，意识形态的战争将导致一场&鲜血与祖国&（blood and soil，曾经的纳粹口号）的文明冲突，那将是西方世界与余下的其他8个文明的对抗----拉丁美洲、非洲、伊斯兰国家、中华、印度、东正教、佛教和日本。

The clearer the West's displeasure, the better the chances ofgetting peacekeepers and monitors from other countries into Abkhaziaand South Ossetia to replace the Russian troops which have been thereas peacekeepers since the early 1990s, but which should leave as theyare now clearly occupying forces.

西方越清楚地表达其不满，其他国家的维和部队和观察员就越有可能进入阿布哈兹和南奥塞梯，以取代上世纪90年代初就作为维和部队进驻在那里的俄罗斯军队。俄罗斯军队应该离开那里，他们的行为已经是明显的武装占领。

The theory of townscape region in urban morphology is applied in the planning and management of urban conservation areas in European countries.

提要 西方城市形态学中的城市风貌区理论在欧洲国家被应用于城市历史风貌保护区的规划和管理实践中。

Mean revenge, committed underhand- John Donne; oldline aristocratic diplomats underhandedly undermined the attempt...to align Germany with the Western democracies- C.G. Bowers .

卑鄙的报复总是阴险地做出的——约翰·东尼；老牌的贵族外交家阴险地破坏了为了德国与西方民主国家联盟所做出的努力——c·g·保尔斯。

This has been particularly valuable in the case of India and Japan, countries whose cinemas rival Hollywood in scale but are known in the west only in the most partial, fragmentary, and unhistorical fashion.

这一点在印度和日本，也就是他们的电影在规模上可以和好莱坞相抗衡的国家变得特别有价值，因为在西方，人们对它们的了解大多局部的，片断的、没有历史价值的。

An essentialized and remarkably delimited Indian theatre consisting of just one genre, namely, the ancient Sanskrit theatre, with no space for the Ram Lila or other flourishing vernacular genres;(2) Histories from the nationalist period portray Indian theatre as primarily, though not exclusively, madeup of India's Western-influenced "modern" theatre genre but relegate the Ram Lila to the realm of unsophisticated folk theatre; and (3) Postcolonial-era histories offer a broad-based and plural Indian theatre encompassing all major genres, including the Ram Lila, but valorize postcolonial theatre withuntenable and extravagant claims.

我会在结论论证这些研究的源起，并列举三个现代印度文化和历史的不同阶段作为例证：（1）东方主义时期的印度剧场史，呈现出一个本质主义、明显画地自限的印度剧场，当中只有一个剧种：古老的梵文剧场，毫无肚量容纳罗魔节戏或其他盛极一时的地方戏剧；（2）国家主义时期的剧场史，此时最主要由深受西方文化影响的印度「现代」剧场构成，罗魔节戏被贬抑为难登大雅的地方小戏；（3）后殖民时期的剧场史，提供了一个宽广、多元，兼容并蓄的印度剧场，罗魔节戏也在其中，但此时期过於夸大了后殖民剧场的资产。

From financialisation of the economy to the socialisation of finance.

新兴国家直到不久以前还愿意聆听建立西方式金融机构和市场的可取性，而如今这些西方机构和市场已经变成了一一倒塌的价值万亿美元的多米诺骨牌。

Indeed, young Chinese regard Tiananmen as the ultimate in sentimental Western fantasies, a cliche we hook ourselves on to slight their country's ascendancy.

实际上，中国的年轻人认为天安门事件是一个对西方幻想的感情用事的极端表现，一种认为我们把我们自己弄成冒犯他们国家优势地位的陈词滥调。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。