西方

The third chapter is a case study about the comparasion between AAP and PAC.

第三部分介绍了西方发达国家出版业行业协会的情况，以案例研究的形式对中美两国主要的出版业行业协会进行比较分析，总结了西方诸国的成功经验。

It is a theory abstracted based on the history experience of the western society .

作为对西方社会历史经验的一种理论抽象，国家与社会的理论对于解读乃至建构近代以来西方的国家与社会的关系形态具有重要的意义。

Western painting, in nature, is a medium that speaks out the truth. It has evolved from the religious truth (Greece, Rome and the Renaissance), nationalist truth to the individual truth (impressionism and abstractionism). The traditional Chinese collectivism, when encountering with the spoken-out truth, breaks the oil painting away from the truth-pursuing quality or the free spirit inherent in the Western tradition and modern art by regarding the oil paintings as a mere class of fine arts or a medium.

西方绘画本质上是一种真理性言说的媒介，经历了从宗教真理，到国家主义真理，再到个人主义真理的演进过程，汉语传统中的集体主义在与这种真理性言说相遇时，通过仅把油画视为"画种"、"媒介"，将其与西方传统中的求真气质、或现代艺术的自由精神相切割。

He had studied under Kang Youwei the Western realism, and in Europe he was influenced by the traditional Western realism, especially by the French Academism.

他曾师从康有为学习西方写实主义绘画，在欧洲又受到西方传统写实主义、特别是法国学院派的影响。

Thus, proper aesthetic distance means finding some middle ground between the ways in which a work of art makes you feel and the ways it makes you think.

这与西方美学不同，一位西方哲学家美学家说，一个艺术品从山上滚到山下，还是美的，把艺术看成一种独立的东西。

The famous contemporary American aesthetician Thomas Munro initiates actively aesthetics towards science, the scientific aesthetics has been produced a widespread arid profound influence to western aesthetics., and it has been one of the two main kinds of western aesthetics.

当代美国著名美学家托马斯·门罗积极倡导美学应走科学美学之路，科学美学在西方美学界也产生了普遍而深远的影响，成为当代西方美学两大类型之一。

Heidegger's existentialist aestheticism has played a very important part in the history of western aesthetics.

海德格尔的存在论美学在西方美学史上具有重要的地位，几乎达到了可以与任何时代的西方美学思想相对话的境地。

Marxism is a primary allotrope of the opium of the intellectuals because its doctrine of historical inevitability insulates it from correction by anything so trivial as factual reality.

这些身处西方世界的"马克思主义香客"，却总认为西方世界总是错误的，认为人们可以"被分为两大类，一类是良善的化身，代表理性，因而属于未来；一类是邪恶的化身，代表迷信，因而属于过去"。

A study of forms, contents, languages, themes, and styles in western literature and literary works from the Roman Empire period to the present day. Focus is on the value and the importance of Western literature and the background of time that connect literary work with Western spiritual culture. Contemporary

研究罗曼时期至今的西方文学以及各种形式的文学作品，范围涉及文学作品的形式、内容、语言、构思以及西方文学的写作风格、价值和重要性等，另外还包括了使西方人的精神文化与西方文学作品相联在一起的时代背景。

The form discussion studies Liang Zongdai and Ye Gongchao respectively introduced and spreaded the French imagism and British and American formalism. The Poem special issue in the literature and art supplement of Ta kung Pao Newspaper and New Poetry organized twice discussions in poetic forms. The pure poetry school introduced that the modernists introduced the western and ancient pure poetry theories: from Baudelaire, Mallarme, Vale'ry, H. Read, A. Bremond to J.M. Murray, and the basic idea and difference of pure poetry. Besides, a lot of modem poets became greatly interested in pursuit heat of the pure poetry in late Tang and Nan Song dynasties, studying the development and variation of pure poetry. Music theory argues that modernists make introduction and reform on the western and Chinese music theory. He Qifang and Bian Zhilin continue the topic to the contemporary time, and put forward the theoretical frames in Chinese poetry. Rhyme and rhythm theory make researches on the introduction and reform of French symbolism and British and American modernists' rhyme and rhythm theory, making studies on the Chinese new form poetry and its thyme and rhythm theory.

纯诗论是形式论的重心；对西方和古代的纯诗理论之引入，引进了从坡到波德莱尔、马拉美、瓦莱里、默里、里达、白瑞蒙的纯诗理论；纯诗理论的基本内涵与差异；诸多现代派诗人掀起了晚唐南宋纯诗热，对姜夔、严羽作了新的理解；对纯诗理论的发展和变异，含梁宗岱的现象学形式论，何其芳的唯美论与形式论，现代派诸人的诗本体论；梁宗岱对纯诗理论的中国化研究，含梁宗岱的超越性与形式性，&超验&与&妙悟&的比较研究与形态超脱性的比较研究；中西纯诗形态的超脱性等；现代派纯诗论是对初期白话诗理论的清算，对新月派、象征派探索的总结和发展，音乐论是对纯诗论的延伸和对格律论的发展；现代派引入研究了西方诗学音乐论理论，含坡、瓦莱里、里德的纯诗音乐论、抽象音乐论、各种具体的音乐论技术论点；引入了中国古代诗学中关于诗与音乐、音韵、音顿、音义、平仄双声叠韵等音乐的理论；进行了两次关于新诗音乐论的大讨论；在节奏、音顿、音韵三方面借鉴了西方的理论，同时改造了古代的格律理论，扬弃了平仄说，何其芳、卞之琳把新诗音乐论命题延续到当代，提出了汉诗音乐论的理论框架。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。