西学

It thinks that Complete Principle of Measurement inherited the Writing Style of Elements. Secondly, it is taken out five key parts——plane geometry, solid geometry, conic, spherical trigonometry and spherical astronomy part——to comprehend. The main contents of mathematics and astronomy involved in Complete Principle of Measurement have been set up respectively in accordance with the characteristics of their subject.

其次，又按照学科分布从中抽出平面几何、立体几何、圆锥曲线、球面三角和球面天文等五部分内容进行重点解读，认为《测量全义》中所涉及到的主要数学和天文学内容已经按照学科特点分别形成和建立起来，为后来西学的进一步传播做出了贡献。

Complete Principle of Measurement , as the basic literature of large calendar mathematics series Chongzhenlishu, was the beginning of the Western trigonometry, spherical astronomy and measurement into China, involving area, volume measurement, flat triangle, spherical trigonometry and spherical astronomy's theory as well as measuring instruments'applying. Complete Principle of Measurement embodies Chongzhenlishu's axiomatic mathematics and astronomy and makes a contribution to the further spread of the Western learning.

《测量全义》作为编撰大型历算丛书《崇祯历书》的基础文献，是西方三角学、球面天文学及测量术系统传入我国之始，涉及面积、体积测量，平面三角、球面三角和球面天文学的基本理论以及测量仪器的制造和使用等，是《崇祯历书》中公理化数学和天文学体系的体现，为西学的进一步传播做出了贡献。

Definition is not a proposition, we can say a definition is good or bad, but not true or false or even tautological.

学无新旧，学无中西，中国今日实无学之患，而非中学西学偏重之患--王国维

Tools, system-level theory of Western and traditional cultural dimensions of the combination of ideological and Maruyama is an important feature.

工具、制度层面的西学论与文化层面的传统论的结合是丸山思想的一个重要特点。

The guiding ideology of the Westernization Movement is "secondary to physical, Western learning for use."

洋务运动的指导思想是"中学为体，西学为用"。

The are i sl am ic - fuedam ental i sm m ovem ent di d notpred any reaiStic aPPrOaches to change the reality Meanwhile, lttnde 1s1amic poihcs ed M sacrd, advocates," based on lslamismand Pthctice with weStem apProaches". thus, seperate the cultura1 andpecal bohon and economic develOPmen1, whch is areng eventheofctical1y.

然而，由于它未能提出任何改变现实的切实可行的措施，对于改变现实无能为力；同时它将伊斯兰政治，文化传统神圣化，主张以&伊斯兰为体西学为用&充全割裂了政治文化传统与经济发展的关系，介邵ilL讲山是错误的。

The contestation involves classical Chinese and modern Chinese* china and western countries results in that modern Chinese replaces classical Chinese and the West conquer the East.

围绕着文白、中西的话语论争结果是，白话取代了文言，西学胜于中学。

Its main theory source of course is neo-confucionism, dividingly, confucianism, Xing-confucianism. Qi-confucianism and west science had provided conducive thinking element. Confucianism was its spiritual source, Xing-confucianism is its inversal supplement.

其主要的理论渊源当然是程朱理学，但除此之外，先秦儒学、心学、气学以及西学都为清初朱子学理论的完成提供了有益的思想元素。

He made a comparative analysis on Chinese nominalistic logic with Western Aristotles logic and Indian classical logic, and revealed the main content of logic of Moism, including basic concept, principle of inference, induction ect.

本文拟从以下几个方面对梁启超的逻辑——方法论思想进行分析评述： 1、梁启超取得逻辑——方法论研究成就的历史条件：①清代诸子学的考证训诂成果使《墨子》一书稍可读通；②西学输入促进了梁启超对中国古典逻辑的研究；③研究墨学和科学的逻辑方法，为宣传维新变法思想提供方法论武器；④梁启超对墨子及墨家学说的主观偏爱。

Instead of comparing them in the duality form ——if not this, then must be that, she provids us a most unique perspetive to understand man and woman, darkness and daylight, even political philosophy, reading it by means of"paradoxy relation",especially as we are in a history condition in which sinology has been shade by western philosophy for more than one hundres years.

萌萌没有在非此即彼的二元结构中比较二者，而是通过&悖论式相关&的解读，为我们理解男人与女人、黑暗与白昼、乃至哲学与政治提供了一个极其独特的视角，尤其在西学笼罩中学百余年的历史境遇中。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。