西学

First, I will analyse the base , Chinese education on the ancientry time, of t...

首先从近代教育的发起阶层讨论，分析在古代教育基础上的中国近代教育；其次分析西学的涌入，及士大夫提出的"中体西用"这一近代教育的特质；再次，从中西方教学中比较得出中国近代教育的特点，即洋务派的"中体西用"的思想；最后以福建船政学堂为例分析中西教育的优缺点及对中国教育近代化的影响。

"Conclusions" part, summed up the Qing Dynasty "Lao Zi" annotator in the era of thought and social change on the issue of their own lives and national survival, through the "Lao Zi" made a lot of thinking, praying to find the self-settle down, but also a possibility of social harmony and peace, thus to established the value of Qing Dynasty "Lao Zi" annotation in the summary of old thinking and the opening of new academic significance.

结论」的部份，主要从「以儒学为标准审视老子」、「挖掘老子的实用价值」、「佛道二教的世俗化，影响了解老思想的世俗化」、「在西学观照下，肯定老子的多元意涵」四个面向，总结清代《老子》注家在时代思潮与社会变动之中，对自身的生命与家国的存续问题，透过《老子》一书提出诸多思考，祈求找到自我安身立命的所在，同时也获得一个社会和谐安宁的可能，由此确立清代《老子》注在旧思想的总结与开启新学术的价值意义。

This chapter is divided into three sections, section I, as a "Creative intention of practical", which runs through the Qing Dynasty,"Lao Zi" annotation in the face of "Dao De Jing", and to explore the practical in the point of view of social values; The second section as "The study of the inherit in the relationship between Confucius and Lao Zi", explain that the Qing Dynasty "Dao De Jing" annotator since the Song and Ming inherited "The merge of Confucianism and Taoism" concept, from the clarification of the relationship between the Confucianism and Taoism to of sure the value of "Dao De Jing"; the third section for the "Merger of three religions and integration of China and Western Academic" explain the harmonization is the characteristics of Chinese culture.

本章共分为四节，第一节为「经世致用的创作意图」，由此贯串清代《老子》注家在面对《老子》一书的主要面向，以入世、实用的角度发掘老子的社会价值；第二节为「孔老关系的承袭论述」，说明清代《老子》注家承袭宋明以来「孔老会通」的观念，由儒、老之间关系的厘清与定位，肯定《老子》一书的价值；第三节为「佛老思想的交融互释」，突显此时以佛解老的注作大多依附於三教思想的汇流之中；第四节为「三教融合与中西会通」，说明融通是中国文化的特色，在三教融合的思想承继之上，此时的知识份子在西方武力与文化的侵略之下，开始以西学为参照，探寻《老子》的现代化意涵。

This chapter is divided into three sections, section I, for the analysis of "Lao Zi" annotator in Qing Dynasty in the impact of three religions, it was agreed that "eliminate emotion and regress to humanity" idea. Section II to illustrate mainly the traditional "Lao Zi" annotation in Qing Dynasty, the impact in Western countries began to accept the idea of Western Ideas, output the first "Lao Zi" annotation base on Western Ideas –Yan Fu "Ping Dian Lao Zi"; Section III of "freedom, democracy, equality", to discuss Yan Fu think "Lao Zi" already have many of the modern social values:"free","equality","teamwork".

本章共分为三节，第一节为「复性化情」，析论清代《老子》注家在三教思想的濡染下，一致提出「复性化情」的主张，作为体道、得道的路径；第二节为「会通之道」，说明以传统守成态度为主的清代《老子》注，在西方国家的冲击下，开始接纳西学的理念，开出了第一本以西学解老的著作──严复《评点老子》，此书反映了他中西学术兼容并蓄的思想，他不仅融合儒、释、道的概念，更将西方的科学、哲学纳入《老子》的思考当中；第三节为「自由、民主、平等」，旨在讨论严复认为老子书中已经具备许多近现代的社会价值：「自由」、「平等」「合群」的概念。

Thanks to these movements, women's attitude began to change : the awakening of national consciousness led the women become one of main forces of the anti-imperialism and anti-feudalism; recognizing women should be regarded as human beings and began to fight for their own rights; resolutely smashing the shackles of feudal ethics and strode into society.

引进"西学"富国强民，也是两国革命者共同的选择，而且也都是本国男性首先倡导"平等"与"自由"，并对两国人的女性教育观产生巨大的影响，促进了两国近代女性立世观的转变。

The first one is that the Chinese edition of Elements was very difficult to read, and the second one is the idea that all western knowledge originated from China belittle the axiomatic method, the third one is that no logic knowledge came with it then.

从当时的实际出发，我们认为这主要有三个原因：一、《几何原本》生涩难读；二、"西学中源"说轻视西方科学；三、公理化方法传来的时候本身不完整。

Key Words: Axiomatic method; Elements; the idea of all western knowledge originate from China; logic; spread

搜索词汇；公理化；几何原本；西学中源；逻辑；传播

It is precisely because the impact of this political centrism, modern intellectuals in the West accept the hours are often distorted and misunderstood, and sometimes even change the direction of the spread of Western learning

正是因为这种政治中心主义的影响，近代知识分子在接受西学时往往发生扭曲和误解，有时甚至改变了西学传播的方向。

That is, the earlier were on empiricism and some mysterious intuition while the latter on rational demonstration and sense.

正是"西学"的强有力刺激，汉语研究变传统的"小学"为系统的实证科学。

The western learning's spreading routh from south to north made the south touchwestern learning at first.

西学传播路径的自南向北，使南方士人首先接触到西学。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。