裂隙的

The main objective of this dissertation was to develop methodologies with capability of engineering application for simulating flow in fractured rock using discontinuum models. The study work includes three parts. In the first part, numerical methodology of three-dimensional discrete fracture network model casing on hybrid BEM-channel was presented, and the technique for improve the model's computing efficiency was also studied. Firstly in this part, computer simulation methodology based on the Baechermodel for generating network of discrete fractures was presented, which includes the follow details: probability distributions of fracture density,orientation, trace length, size, and aperture and estimation of their statistical parameters; stochastic models of fracture network; Monte-Carlo's simulation method; numerical simulation procedure and technicality.

给出了离散裂隙网络模型所依据的基本假定；发展了基于Baecher模型的离散裂隙网络计算机随机生成技术：详细地推导了单裂隙渗流和多裂隙相交网络渗流的边界单元法公式，发展了离散裂隙网络中稳态渗流的边界元数值技术，并且讨论了相关的具体数值技术细节，如角点的处理方法，单元的自动剖分等：描述了混合边界元—管流模拟方法及其数值实现；研究了裂隙网络的简化方法，并针对裂隙网络边界元法的特点提出了一种改进的分块三角分解法。

In recent years, DO art is increasingly mature, the portion in showing to be with respect to its at the back of art of Jiao Zhi cleft palate caves to apply overview unbalancedly to be as follows. On operation of 1 cleft palate in the affects a tradition cleft palate taxis of share growth is with depart and shift oral cavity parenchyma comes mostly of repair cranny, put in two fundamental flaw: Mace of Huang Qiaoci Jiao receives health grave of Peng of creek of look of fish hawk of Tuo of Ken of put on the skin to cut pregnant Ru? 2 it is parenchyma depart and bone face are bare bring about scar organization to form, square afterwards delivers side of limitative palate ministry sexual development.

近年来，DO术日益成熟，现就其在矫治腭裂术后面中份凹陷畸形的应用综述如下。1腭裂手术对面中份发育的影响传统的腭裂整复术大多是以分离和移动口腔软组织来修复裂隙的，存在两个重要缺陷：一是未能达到硬腭非凡是其后部的骨性修复，二是软组织分离和骨面裸露导致瘢痕组织形成，限制腭部侧方的继发性发育。

Those rarely refer to the researches about water pressure function mechanism. In fact, the water flow intrudes upwards with a loss of the distance water and energy wastes for splitting rocks when confined groundwater intrudes upwards through coal seam water-resisting layer. The water flow under the coal seam scaleboard consumes more energy after it intrudes at a certain height.

实际上，煤层底板高承压含水层水沿隔水底板岩层向上导升过程中，存在一定的沿程水头损失和劈裂岩体裂隙的能量损耗，下伏含水层高压水在底板隔水层下部劈裂导升一定的高度后，在导升段的能量消耗很大，这时作用于有效隔水层段下部的实际水压已远远小于含水层中的观测水压，真正作用在有效隔水层上的水压为残余水压P_c，对底板有效隔水层起破坏作用的有效水压力亦应为残余水压。

The study has also shown that there is a rotation angle for azimuthally NMO velocity ellipses in monoclinic media which different form HTI and orthorhombic media. The rotation angles of NMO ellipses are related to the property of fracture infill, fracture density ratio and the angle between the two fractures. These research results can be used to identify the type of fractured media and the property of fracture infill.

同时，研究表明对于裂隙型单斜各向异性介质，其方位NMO速度椭圆轴向并不象HTI介质和正交介质中的那样与自然坐标系的坐标轴一致，而是发生了一定角度的偏离，其大小与裂隙填充物的性质、两组裂隙密度的比值及裂隙间的夹角等因素有关，研究结果为进一步区分裂隙介质的类型及裂隙填充物的性质提供依据。

The study has also shown that there is a rotation angle for azimuthally NMO velocity ellipses in monoclinic media which different form HTI and orthorhombic media. The rotation angles of NMO ellipses are related to the property of fracture infill, fracture density ratio and the angle between the two fractures.

同时，研究表明对于裂隙型单斜各向异性介质，其方位NMO速度椭圆轴向并不象HTI介质和正交介质中的那样与自然坐标系的坐标轴一致，而是发生了一定角度的偏离，其大小与裂隙填充物的性质、两组裂隙密度的比值及裂隙间的夹角等因素有关，研究结果为进一步区分裂隙介质的类型及裂隙填充物的性质提供依据。

Mylonitic coal may develop in the center of strongly deformational belt in pressing tectonic stress field. Since mylonitic coal is limited in a narrow area, biggish area in that tectonic coals of brittle deformation distribute is favorable for CBM exploration. Moat of areas are advantageous for formation of coalbed fractures and increase of permeability in extension stress field, but it is easy to beget dissipation of CBM and decrease of gas content. Therefore, study of structure of gas reservoir should be taken seriously.

研究表明，挤压应力场作用下，在强变形带的中心及其附近，可以形成糜棱煤类构造煤，但糜棱煤分布较为局限；在较大范围内形成脆性变形系列的构造煤，是煤层气勘采的有利区带；拉张构造应力场中，大部分区域内有利于煤层裂隙的形成和渗透率的提高，但易造成煤层气的散失，含气量降低，应重视有利的储气构造的研究。

The results show that the original fissure field has characteristics such as the horizontal development of micro-cracks,fissures were fill with filling material,as well as part of the development of vertical cracks,broken.The rock fissures has characteristics such as the intersection cracks in high-angle vertical,and along with reducement of the distance from the roof,gradually development to the broken c...

研究得出原生裂隙场具有绝大多数发育横向微裂隙，裂隙被充填物所充填以及部分发育纵向裂隙，较破碎的特点；采动岩体裂隙则具有发育纵横交错的相交裂缝，以高角度纵向裂缝为主，且随着离煤层顶板距离减小，并逐步向破碎型裂缝发展的特点。

Microfissures on the rocke moutonnées from the Halasi River Catchment and the source of Urumqi River were observed on the hand-specimen of the bedrock from the ice-rock interface directly and under the polarized microscope and SEM. Parallel microfissures dorminates on the stoss and the top-surface; while irregular microfissures dorminates on the lee.

根据天山乌河河源的羊背石和阿尔泰山哈河流域的羊背石表层岩石手标本上微裂隙直接观察，以及在偏光显微镜下SEM的超微裂隙观察，&阿羊&上的微裂隙多，迎冰面和顶冰面以平行裂隙为主，背冰面以不规则裂隙为主（已剔除可能由构造运动产生的裂隙）。

The results indicate that the formation of loess vertical joints can be divided into two phases:① the formation of inner fissure, i.e. in the beginning of deposition, the undulation of terrain leads to uneven distribution of loess, then when it rains uneven collapsibility generates, which leads to generate inner fissures ;② the stage of fissure extension, namely loess continues deposition after the inner fissures have been formed, the increasing of the top pressure makes the top of inner fissure lie in the state of tensile stress, so, when the stress reaches its tensile strength, the inner fissure extends along the vertical direction and then becomes a vertical joint.

结果表明黄土垂直节理的形成可分为 2 个阶段：①内裂隙形成阶段，开始沉积时，由于地形的起伏导致黄土厚度上的分布不均匀，在降雨时产生不均匀湿陷，从而导致产生内裂隙；②裂隙扩展阶段，内裂隙形成后黄土继续堆积，顶部压力的增长致使裂隙顶部土体受到拉应力作用，当达到其抗拉强度时裂隙就会沿竖直方向产生扩张而形成垂直节理。

It does not matter whether he paint the petal of a rose, or the chasms of a precipice, so that Love and Admiration attend him as he labors, and wait for ever upon his work.

不管他画的花瓣的玫瑰，或裂隙的悬崖，因此，爱和敬佩他出席，他辛苦，等待以往任何时候都呼吁他的工作。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。