裂隙的

With economic development, the rock material is widely applied in the water conservation、 resources mining、 the civil construction 、 the railway and so on, a lot of problem about rocks urgently is demanded to solve, so there are very important theory and realistic meanings to thoroughly research its nature、 concerning and destroying mechanism,Due to natural function, massive joint and crack with rock, though the scale of these is small, it changes mechanics nature of rock greatly and reduces deforms mould and intensity parameter, and makes it presenting aeolotropy .

随着我国经济建设的发展，岩石材料被广泛应用于水利、资源开采、土木建筑、铁路等领域，与此同时出现许多岩石方面迫切需要解决的问题，所以对其性质、本构关系、破坏机理的深入研究有重要的理论意义和现实意义。由于天然作用，岩石内部存在大量的节理和裂隙，虽然这些裂隙的规模不大，但裂隙的存在大大地改变了岩体的力学性质，使其变形模量及强度参数降低，且使岩体的力学性质呈各向异性。

Series of experimental studies are carried out to investigate the propagation of an open surface-flaw in gabbro samples under compression load.

bstract 采用含张开型表面裂隙辉长岩试样，对单轴压缩荷载作用下预制裂隙的破裂模式进行一系列试验研究。

Conditions of the seepage and stress is a dynamic process, and also shows its interaction and interdependence. Owing to the closure of the fracture, the hydraulic gradient and the permeability pressure of the fracture turn large, and also promote the expansion of water cracks, and fissures connectivity increasing. The increase of the crack opening width will result in the increase of the infiltration capacity and seepage flow, and the reduction of seepage pressure. Because of the dynamic dependence of the fracture aperture, pressure and seepage, under certain conditions, changes in fracture aperture can lead to the formation of local water-passage, and the local emission of high pressure water, and thus promotes the formation of the sudden outgush disasters.

结果表明：洞室开挖完成后，在围岩渗流与应力耦合作用下，围岩中裂隙隙宽、裂隙中水压及其渗透流量的变化是一个动态过程，且相互作用与相互依赖；裂隙的闭合使得结构面水力梯度变大，作用在裂缝上的渗透压力增大，促进导水裂缝扩展，裂隙连通性增加；裂缝张开度增大，渗透能力增强，渗流量增大，其渗流压力相应降低；由于围岩中裂隙隙宽、压力和渗流量的动态依赖性，在一定条件下，裂隙隙宽的改变可导致局部水力通道的形成，高压水头从局部涌出，从而促进突水灾害的形成。

In the induction caving roof, the quantitative inspection have been done by the digital digital panoramic borehole camera system. The quantum study are applied to inspecte the crack occurrence and width from the corresponding relation between 3-D image and its spatial coordinates. And the system provide the method to calculate, account and analysis of the crack parameter.

采用数字式全景钻孔摄像系统宏观探测顶板围岩在耦合诱导致裂失稳崩落的裂隙形态，从裂隙的三维图像与空间坐标关系，对裂隙的产状、隙宽和迹长等参数进行了定量的数字化探测、处理与还原。

The reseach results provide that, to the sysytem of digital panoramic borehole camera, it is a effective method to detect the crack occurrence, width and length from the visible and quantitative. It is advantage to handle emptied areas throught induce fracturing caving in the roof, it is saied the induce couple technology of mining and blasting.

分析结果表明，数字式全景钻孔摄像系统可以直观可视和定量精细描述裂隙的形态，回采扰动和强制爆破诱导耦合技术，从裂隙发育、扩展以及裂隙的演化，有利于顶板围岩致裂失稳崩落，从而形成诱导崩落顶板处理空区的目的。

Three parameters were considered in this new model,i.e, the average rate of fluid through every crack,the number density of cracks in per unit volume and the extent of cracks＇ penetrance.

笔者在此基础上建立起一个新的渗流模型，着重考虑了3个因素，即：流体通过每一裂隙面的平均流量；单位体积内裂隙的数密度；裂隙贯通程度。

On the practice basis of fully mechanized sublevel caving of hard and thick coal, a discrete element software was used to do simulation test and influence of crack in process of mining coal on the top-coal caving and the development process of the fracture were analyzed, which could be used to determine the top coal caving characteristics.

分析了倾斜厚煤层顶煤裂隙和顶煤可放性的影响因素，在硬、厚煤层综采放顶煤现场实践的基础上，运用离散元软件进行了模拟试验，分析了煤层在采动过程中形成的裂隙对顶煤冒落的影响以及裂隙的发育过程，据此判断顶煤的冒放性。

The conclusions are drawn that the formation of rock fracture goes through three stages, generation,development and transfixion;two main fractures are generated in the damage process,one parallels to the direction of joint,the other intersects to the joint and form a closed fracture.The relationship of cutting head penetration value and the number of cutting head is also evaluated.

指出岩体内部裂隙的形成分为三个阶段，即裂隙的产生、裂隙的发展和裂隙的贯通；岩体内部损伤时产生两条主要的裂隙，一条平行于节理方向发展，一条与节理相交形成闭合裂隙；综合评价了刀头贯入量与刀头数量之间的关系。

From the microstruture observation, this dilatancy produced is clearly associated with a change from crystal plasticity plus minor cataclasis (formation of closed intragranular cracks) at high pressure (20MPa) to crystal plasticity plus significant cataclasis (involving axial cracking, intragranular cracking, crack opening and shearing) below 10MPa.

此时的微结构研究也发现：岩盐流变过程中膨胀的产生是由高围压下（20MPa左右）的晶体塑性加较少碎裂到低围压下（10MPa左右）的晶体塑性加主要的碎裂（包括纵向裂隙、晶内裂隙以及裂隙的张开与剪切）。

According to the fractal dimension, the disturbed distance between upper and lower fracture surfaces and the ratio of area contact (the proportion of contact area to whole area of fracture) of fracture, the random Brown Function is used to generate a rough-walled fracture with position-dependent aperture.

根据裂隙面分形维数、裂隙面位错值和裂隙面上的面积接触率，用随机布朗函数生成裂隙的开度分布。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。